Strategies for Selecting Pharmaceuticals to Assess Attenuation During Indirect Potable Water Reuse

Sedlak, David L.; Huang, Ching-Hua; Pinkston, Karen E.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-09259-0_8

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…increases. The cause of the attenuation of anti-infectives in surface waters cannot be easily interpreted, because different attenuation mechanisms may operate simultaneously ( Sedlak et al 2004 ). Published data in the literature do not indicate the present state of the global anti- infective contamination of surface waters, and this may appear overestimated by the choice of sampling points, often near WWTP outfalls or agricultural areas.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During this process, the anti-infective loads in sewage may be diluted by the mixing with used water containing none of these substances ( Alexy 2004 ). Anti-infectives may also reach the aquatic environment directly because of leaking sewers and sewer overflows ( Sedlak et al 2004 ). Compounds arriving at WWTPs may be eliminated from wastewater, depending mainly on their capacity to associate with particulate matter (which influences their removal by physicochemical or biological treatments) and their susceptibility to biological transformation (which certainly affects their elimination by biological treatment) ( Ternes and Joss 2006 ).…”

Section: Sources and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, anti-infectives do not need to be very persistent in the environment to be able to have an effect. Contrary to other organic pollutants such as pesticides ( Comoretto and Chiron 2005 ), anti-infectives are constantly released in the environment; therefore, substances degrading in a few days can be considered persistent with respect to natural waters at the point of discharge where releases are continuous ( Sedlak et al 2004 ).…”

Section: Fate and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Occurrence of Anti-infectives in Contaminated Wastewaters and Natural and Drinking Waters

Segura

François

Gagnon

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

252

137

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ObjectiveAnti-infectives are constantly discharged at trace levels in natural waters near urban centers and agricultural areas. They represent a cause for concern because of their potential contribution to the spread of anti-infective resistance in bacteria and other effects on aquatic biota. We compiled data on the occurrence of anti-infectives published in the last 24 years in environmental water matrices. The collected information was then compared with the available ecotoxicologic values to evaluate potential environmental concerns.Data sourcesWe used Web of Science and Google Scholar to search for articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in the English language since 1984.Data extractionInformation on compound concentrations in wastewaters and natural and drinking waters, the source of contamination, country of provenance of the samples, year of publication, limits of quantification, and method of analysis was extracted.Data synthesisFrom the 126 different substances analyzed in environmental waters, 68 different parent compounds and 10 degradation products or metabolites have been quantified to date. Environmental concentrations vary from about 10−1 to 109 ng/L, depending on the compound, the matrix, and the source of contamination.ConclusionsDetrimental effects of anti-infectives on aquatic microbiota are possible with the constant exposure of sensitive species. Indirect impact on human health cannot be ruled out when considering the potential contribution of high anti-infective concentrations to the spreading of anti-infective resistance in bacteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources and Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fate and Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the Occurrence of Anti-infectives in Contaminated Wastewaters and Natural and Drinking Waters

Segura

François

Gagnon

et al. 2009

Environ Health Perspect

252

137

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“…A potential wastewater indicator for tracing domestic wastewater should originate only from domestic wastewater, and this indicator compound should be detectable in wastewater with high concentrations consistently. Detection frequency (DF) and detection ratio (DR) are two important criteria to evaluate the suitability of a compound as a wastewater indicator (Sedlak et al 2004). The DR is defined as the ratio between the median concentration of a compound and its limit of quantification (LOQ) in different matrices.…”

Section: Criteria For the Selection Of Wastewater Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suitability of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASs) as wastewater indicators in the Pearl River Delta, South China

Yang

Liu

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

156

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Wastewater indicator is a useful tool for evaluating the wastewater impact on natural water, but there is little information about the suitability of wastewater indicators for different regions. This study aimed to select suitable wastewater indicators in the Pearl River Delta region, south China by screening a range of wastewater related organic compounds. The screening campaign was carried out by investigating the occurrence and removal efficiencies of 93 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and 5 artificial sweeteners (ASs) in nine wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the region, and the occurrence of these target compounds in the contaminated and clean surface water of the Pearl River. An ideal wastewater indicator should be hydrophilic, source-specific for domestic wastewater, ubiquitous in contaminated surface water with detection frequency (DF) >80% and absent in background water samples. For liable indicators, high removal rates (>90%) should be observed in WWTPs and they should be detected in all the influent samples at concentrations fifty times higher than their limits of quantification. For conservative indicators, low removal rates (<50%) should be observed in WWTPs and they should be detected in all the effluent samples at concentrations fifty times higher than their limits of quantification. Based on the above criteria, sucralose and fluconazole were selected as conservative indicators in the region, while cyclamate, saccharin, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, paracetamol, salicylic acid and caffeine were selected as liable indicators.

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“…, 2008), including analysis of three PPCPs – primidone, carbamazepine, and caffeine – as indicators, and determination of precursor concentrations for the DBP N ‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The anticonvulsants primidone and carbamazepine are stable in the environment and are considered conservative indicators (Sedlak et al. , 2004; Glassmeyer et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Primidone, Carbamazepine, Caffeine, and Precursors for N‐Nitrosodimethylamine in Drinking Water Sources Impacted by Wastewater¹

Guo¹,

Krasner²

2009

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Wastewater impact on drinking water sources was assessed using several approaches, including analysis of three pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) -primidone, carbamazepine, and caffeine -as indicators, and determination of precursor concentrations for the disinfection byproduct N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) using formation potential (FP) tests. Samples were collected in 2006 and 2007 in rivers impacted by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges, at drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intakes upstream or downstream from these discharges, and from two WWTP effluents in two watersheds. The levels [10th percentile ) maximum (median)] of primidone, carbamazepine, caffeine, and NDMAFP were 2-95 (7) ng ⁄ l, 2-207 (18) ng ⁄ l, 7-687 (78) ng ⁄ l, and 12-321 (35) ng ⁄ l, respectively. The highest concentrations of primidone, carbamazepine, and NDMA precursors were from one of the WWTP effluents, whereas the highest concentration of caffeine was detected in a river heavily impacted by treated wastewater discharges. The lowest concentrations of the three PPCPs were from a DWTP influent upstream of a metropolitan urban area with minimum wastewater impact. Temporal variations in PPCP and NDMAFP concentrations and streamflows in two selected watersheds were also observed. Furthermore, correlation analysis between caffeine or carbamazepine and primidone was evaluated. The results show that measurement of the two pharmaceuticals and NDMAFP tests can be used to evaluate wastewater impact in different watersheds, whereas caffeine results were more variable.

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Strategies for Selecting Pharmaceuticals to Assess Attenuation During Indirect Potable Water Reuse

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Review of the Occurrence of Anti-infectives in Contaminated Wastewaters and Natural and Drinking Waters

Review of the Occurrence of Anti-infectives in Contaminated Wastewaters and Natural and Drinking Waters

Suitability of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASs) as wastewater indicators in the Pearl River Delta, South China

Occurrence of Primidone, Carbamazepine, Caffeine, and Precursors for N‐Nitrosodimethylamine in Drinking Water Sources Impacted by Wastewater¹

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Strategies for Selecting Pharmaceuticals to Assess Attenuation During Indirect Potable Water Reuse

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Review of the Occurrence of Anti-infectives in Contaminated Wastewaters and Natural and Drinking Waters

Review of the Occurrence of Anti-infectives in Contaminated Wastewaters and Natural and Drinking Waters

Suitability of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and artificial sweeteners (ASs) as wastewater indicators in the Pearl River Delta, South China

Occurrence of Primidone, Carbamazepine, Caffeine, and Precursors for N‐Nitrosodimethylamine in Drinking Water Sources Impacted by Wastewater1

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Occurrence of Primidone, Carbamazepine, Caffeine, and Precursors for N‐Nitrosodimethylamine in Drinking Water Sources Impacted by Wastewater¹