Strategies for the development of industry 4.0 and the formation of effective demand

Abstract

The article is devoted to the development of industry 4.0 and the formation of effective demand. The authors are convinced that industry 4.0 is essentially a strategy of intelligent factories, i.e. the process of managing the production chain is carried out in real time using information and communication technologies, as well as the installation of robots. Effective demand for goods depends not only on the income of the buyer, but also on the prices of innovative products that are structurally formed by industry 4.0. It is proved that the main reason for the economic constraints of the development of industry 4.0 is the low effective demand for high-tech products. Therefore, the Russian industry must move to new types of economic activity and ensure the growth of productivity potential through the use of smart technologies, collaborative space, the formation of intelligent operational units and the digitalization process. Achieving sustainable long-term growth will depend on the ability to build a stronger domestic demand base and a balancing strategy: customer satisfaction and cost savings. The authors, based on international experience, prove the feasibility of forming a differentiated core, i.e. an effective combination of products and services formed by industry 4.0 while simultaneously integrating cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things, as well as services. The analysis shows the huge growth potential of industry 4.0 as the revenue growth of leading international companies is estimated in the range of 8.1–13.6 % in the next five years. At the same time, an annual increase in customer spending on products is projected by 2.4 %. The conducted research shows that industry 4.0 allows for an annual increase in efficiency by an average of 3.3 % due to increased productivity, energy efficiency and resource efficiency. The authors are convinced that such a setup is impossible without the accumulation of capital and investments, which are the main factors contributing to economic growth and sustainable solvency of customers.