Аннотация. В данной статье рассмотрены вопросы регулирования социальнотрудовых отношений. Основой регулирования СТО являются принципы трипартизма которые необходимо рассматривать как способ согласования общественных интересов. Регулирование социально-трудовых отношенийэто институт коллективно-договорных отношений обеспечивающий последовательный рост уровня трудовых стандартов занятости и качества трудовой жизни личного состава организации. В то же время эффективность системы социального партнерства должна обеспечиваться институциональными регуляторами социально-трудовых отношений, индивидуальными соглашениями и полнотой охвата участников переговорного процесса, их законными юридическими правами. Предлагается использовать новую институциональную форму регулирования социально-трудовых отношений-эффективный контракт который позволяет обеспечить согласование интересов работодателей и работников на основе «целей-результатов-показателей» на локальном уровне. Разработанная функционально-содержательная модель регулирования социальнотрудовых отношений обладает определенной универсальностью с точки зрения наличия основных подсистем и различных функциональных характеристик. Данная модель позволяет идентифицировать процессы регулирования социально-трудовых отношений на основе системы взаимосвязанных показателей и оценивать сложившиеся диспропорций социальнотрудовых отношений. В то же время для оценки сложившихся диспропорций в оплате труда и задержек выплат предлагается использовать индекс ингибитора заработной платы (IIS). Ключевые слова: социально-трудовые отношения; социальное партнерство; трудовой договор; эффективный контракт; регулирование.

The article is devoted to the development of industry 4.0 and the formation of effective demand. The authors are convinced that industry 4.0 is essentially a strategy of intelligent factories, i.e. the process of managing the production chain is carried out in real time using information and communication technologies, as well as the installation of robots. Effective demand for goods depends not only on the income of the buyer, but also on the prices of innovative products that are structurally formed by industry 4.0. It is proved that the main reason for the economic constraints of the development of industry 4.0 is the low effective demand for high-tech products. Therefore, the Russian industry must move to new types of economic activity and ensure the growth of productivity potential through the use of smart technologies, collaborative space, the formation of intelligent operational units and the digitalization process. Achieving sustainable long-term growth will depend on the ability to build a stronger domestic demand base and a balancing strategy: customer satisfaction and cost savings. The authors, based on international experience, prove the feasibility of forming a differentiated core, i.e. an effective combination of products and services formed by industry 4.0 while simultaneously integrating cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things, as well as services. The analysis shows the huge growth potential of industry 4.0 as the revenue growth of leading international companies is estimated in the range of 8.1–13.6 % in the next five years. At the same time, an annual increase in customer spending on products is projected by 2.4 %. The conducted research shows that industry 4.0 allows for an annual increase in efficiency by an average of 3.3 % due to increased productivity, energy efficiency and resource efficiency. The authors are convinced that such a setup is impossible without the accumulation of capital and investments, which are the main factors contributing to economic growth and sustainable solvency of customers.

The transformation of social and labour relations will allow for a new order in the market environment of the subjects of labour relations and create a reasonable transition model that will ensure universal agreement between the participants of labour relations. The social and regional gap associated with the demographic situation, digitalization, lack of skills and non-compliance with modern challenges, the development of artificial intelligence, determine the nature of the institutional structure of labour relations and motives for income generation. In the face of cumulative shocks, wages are adjusted extremely slowly and disproportionately. The study showed the presence of "inequality traps" and/or "middle income traps", which can be leveled on the basis of the mechanism of "built-in stabilizer" of the institutional structure of labour relations. At the same time, the applied technologies for the use of human resources of the organization should be aimed at increasing labour productivity and GDP, which mitigate the shocks caused by exogenous determinants due to the transition of organizations to complex adaptive systems that amortize the consequences of cyclical unemployment. The analysis showed that the average per capita actual income during the epidemic in Russia had a significant discrepancy with the forecast values and fell by 17.2%. At the same time, there is a direct correlation between GDP at purchasing power parity and household income. A policy of social support and consolidation of the balance of jobs and firms carried out since the beginning of the pandemic in Russia, will allow to recover faster after lifting of restrictions, in particular, on the basis of employment and the development of industry responsive training programs, will favor the stabilization of the achieved balance in the demographic sphere. At the same time, the development of digitalization will contribute to an increase in GDP per capita and income of the population of Russia as a whole.

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The minimum wage can help reduce wage inequality, provided that employees and employers meet each other's demands in the workplace. The authors, based on an in-depth theoretical and methodological justification, emphasize that in most industries wages and conditions are determined through free collective bargaining between employers and trade unions. At the same time, it is argued that low investment in labor relations and union membership rates encourage democratic governments to establish stricter minimum wage policies. It is noted that the low level of the minimum wage creates incentives for social dialogue, in the presence of a "good" balance characterized by strong parameters of cooperation, leading to a high density of trade unions and low state regulation. The authors emphasize that recently there has been a paradigm shift towards the "health-illness" process, especially for workers with minimum wages. At the same time, the absence of strong trade unions does not provide an acceptable psychosocial and organizational working environment, which causes significant harm to the health of staff, especially for the proportion of people receiving minimum wages. At the same time, industrial development and an effective income distribution system based on a reasonable minimum wage rate will ensure the reproduction of human capital, increase labor productivity and will be an effective policy tool for increasing income and consumption of households dependent on the minimum wage.