Strategies of seed dispersal and germination in plants inhabiting deserts

Gutterman, Yitzchak

doi:10.1007/bf02857924

Cited by 263 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…c . f. The larger mass of unit a and its greater adherence to soil or sand particles may promote settlement of seeds onto the soil surface, thereby preventing them from being dispersed by wind or insects away from the favourable microhabitat of the mother plant (Gutterman, 1994(Gutterman, , 2000. When bracteoles were removed from the dispersal units of C. arenarius, the mass of water taken up and rate of absorption and dehydration decreased significantly.…”

Section: Role Of Bracteoles In Dispersal and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Tan

Baskin

et al. 2013

Annals of Botany

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† Background and Aims Several studies have demonstrated trade-offs between depth of seed dormancy and dispersal ability for diaspore-dimorphic species. However, relatively little is known about trade-offs between these two life history traits for a species that produces more than two diaspore morphs. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between seed dormancy and dispersal in Ceratocarpus arenarius, an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual that produces a continuum of dispersal unit morphs. † Methods A comparison was made of dispersal and dormancy breaking/germination responses of dispersal units from ground level (a), the middle of the plant canopy (c) and the top of the plant canopy (f ). Various features of the morphology and mass of dispersal units and fruits (utricles) were measured. The role of bracteoles in diaspore dispersal by wind, settlement onto the soil surface and dormancy/germination was determined by comparing responses of intact dispersal units and fruits. Movement of dispersal units by wind and animals, seed after-ripening, germination phenology and the presence of water-soluble germination inhibitors in bracteoles were tested using standard procedures. † Key Results Dispersal units a, c and f differed in morphology and mass; in the majority of cases, extremes were exhibited by a and f, with c being intermediate. Overall, relative dispersal ability was f . c . a, whereas relative intensity of dormancy was a . c . f. Bracteoles increased dispersal distance by wind, enhanced settlement of diaspores onto the soil surface and mechanically inhibited germination. † Conclusions The results provide evidence for a model in which there is a continuous inverse-linear relationship between diaspore dispersal ability and depth of dormancy. Thus, dispersal unit heteromorphism of C. arenarius results in a continuum, from no dispersal ability/high dormancy (dispersal unit a) to high dispersal ability/low dormancy (unit f ), which may be a bet-hedging strategy in the cold desert environment.

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Section: Role Of Bracteoles In Dispersal and Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Tan

Baskin

et al. 2013

Annals of Botany

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“…imbibition, osmotic changes, salinity), nutrients, or mechanical cues (Hilhorst & Karssen 1992, Gutterman 1994. Factors critical to this process can be seed-specific, so the intraspecific range for each factor may span several orders of magnitude (Hilhorst & Toorop 1997).…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both photoperiod and specific wavelengths of light are important for germination in terrestrial systems (Thomas 1992, Gutterman 1994, Fenner 1995, Hilhorst & Toorop 1997. McMillan (1987McMillan ( , 1988b found light to be an important inducer of germination for both Halophila engelmanii and H. decipiens, while Birch (1981) reported germination of H. spinulosa seeds under both light and dark conditions.…”

Section: Seed Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of issues in seagrass seed dormancy and germination:implications for conservation and restoration

Orth¹,

Harwell²,

Bailey³

et al. 2000

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

183

116

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Seagrasses have received considerable attention over the past 2 decades because of the multiple ecological roles they play in estuarine and coastal ecosystems and concerns over worldwide losses of seagrass habitat due to direct and indirect human impacts. Restoration and conservation efforts are underway in some areas of the world, but progress may be limited by the paucity of information on the role of seeds in bed dynamics. Although flowering occurs in most of the 58 seagrass species, seed germination data exist for only 19 of the 42 species that have some period of dormancy, with only 93 published references to field and/or laboratory studies. This review addresses critical issues in conservation and restoration of seagrasses involving seed dormancy (e.g. environmental vs physiological), existence and type of seed bank (transient or persistent), and factors influencing seed germination (e.g. salinity, temperature, light). Results of many earlier published studies relating seed germination to various environmental factors may need re-examination given more recent published data which show a confounding influence of oxygen level on the germination process. We highlight the importance of conducting ecologically meaningful germination studies, including germination experiments conducted in sediments. We also identify questions for future research that may figure prominently in landscape level questions regarding protected marine or estuarine reserves, habitat fragmentation, and restoration.

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“…& Durieu; and Aguado & al., 2012, in Anthemis chrysantha Gay). This mechanism may be advantageous in fluctuating environments such as Mediterranean Climate zones because it increases the probability of establish ment during different pulses of precipitation when the likelihood of establishment success is maximal (Gutterman, 1994;Peters & al., 2009). A similar mechanism was described in A. radiatus (Bastida & al., 2010), and observed in other Anacyclus species, in which achenes dampened by rain are released centripetally, so that unwinged inner achenes may be liberated several months after the outermost.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of <i>Anacyclus</i> (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)

Torices

Agudo

Álvarez

2013

Anal. Jard. Bot. Madr.

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Torices, R., Agudo, A. & Álvarez, I. 2013. Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of Anacyclus (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 70(1): 48-55.The production of two or more distinct fruit types by an individual, i.e. heterocarpy, is considered as a mixed dispersal strategy in which a proportion of the offspring is able to colonize new sites, whilst others remain near the maternal location. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of achene morphology (winged vs. unwinged achenes) and achene size -measured here as achene mass-on post-dispersal life-history traits (probability and time of seedling emergence) in three heterocarpic Anacyclus species (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Morphology, size and germination performance were studied in achenes from six populations of Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers., A. homogamos (Maire) Humphries, and A. valentinus L. Our results show that achene morphology and size were related to their position within the capitulum, such that outer, winged achenes were significantly heavier than the inner, unwinged ones. Additionally, winged achenes germinated faster than unwinged ones. This pattern may be related to the sequential achene time of release displayed by these species. Finally, our findings cast doubt on the role of wings as structures that favor dispersal by wind in these three species of Anacyclus. Keywords: bet-hedging, Compositae, heterocarpy, mixed strategy, position effects, weeds, winged fruits. ResumenTorices, R., Agudo, A. & Álvarez, I. 2013. No sólo importa el tamaño: la morfología del aquenio afecta al tiempo de emergencia de la plántula en tres especies heterocárpicas de Anacyclus (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 70(1): 48-55 (en inglés).La producción de dos o más tipos de frutos diferentes por un mismo individuo, i.e. heterocarpia, es considerada como una estrategia mixta de dispersión en la que una parte de la descendencia es capaz de colonizar nuevos sitios, mientras que la otra permanece cerca de la planta madre. En este trabajo, nuestro objetivo fue explorar los efectos de la morfología del aquenio (aquenios alados vs. no alados) y de su tamaño -medido aquí como masa del aquenio-en la etapa del ciclo de vida siguiente a la dispersión (probabilidad de germinación y tiempo de emergencia de las plántulas) de tres especies heterocárpicas del género Anacyclus (Anthemideae, Asteraceae). Se estudió la morfología, el tamaño y la germinación en aquenios de seis poblaciones de Anacyclus clavatus (Desf.) Pers., A. homogamos (Maire) Humphries y A. valentinus L. Nuestros resultados indican que tanto la morfología del aquenio como su tamaño estaban relacionados con su posición en el capítulo, de manera que los aquenios más externos -aladoseran significativamente más pesados que los internos -sin alas-. Además, los aquenios alados germinaron más rápidamente que los no alados. Este patrón puede estar relacionado con la liberación secuencial de los aquenios que ocurre en estas ...

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Strategies of seed dispersal and germination in plants inhabiting deserts

Cited by 263 publications

References 145 publications

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

Trade-offs between seed dispersal and dormancy in an amphi-basicarpic cold desert annual

A review of issues in seagrass seed dormancy and germination:implications for conservation and restoration

Not only size matters: achene morphology affects time of seedling emergence in three heterocarpic species of <i>Anacyclus</i> (Anthemideae, Asteraceae)

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