Strategies to mitigate shifts in red oak (<i>Quercus</i> sect. <i>Lobatae</i>) distribution under a changing climate

Rauschendorfer, James; Rooney, Rebecca; Külheim, Carsten

doi:10.1093/treephys/tpac090

Cited by 9 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 162 publications

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“…While Q. rubra can grow in various soil and topographic conditions, often establishing monotypic stands ( Little 1979 ; Sander 1990 ), they grow best on lower and middle slopes with well-drained valley floors ( Sander 1990 ). They have developed mechanisms of drought tolerance, drought avoidance (such as deeper tap roots and triggered stomatal closure), or both ( Rauschendorfer et al 2022 ). With characteristics such as high levels of heterozygosity, cohabitation, an outcrossing mating system, and a wide geographical range, Q. rubra is an excellent model tree species for the study of gene flow, local adaptation, speciation, and population genomics ( Alexander and Woeste 2014 ; Leites et al 2019 ; Lind-Riehl and Gailing 2015 ; Makela et al 2016 ; Oyama et al 2017 ; Rodríguez-Correa et al 2018 ; Soltani et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome for Quercus rubra L. provides insights into the genetics of adaptive traits for red oak species

Kapoor,

Jenkins,

Schmutz

et al. 2023

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree native to North America. We present a chromosome-scale genome of Q. rubra generated by the combination of PacBio sequences and chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) scaffolding. This is the first reference genome from the red oak clade (section Lobatae). The Q. rubra assembly spans 739 Mb with 95.27% of the genome in 12 chromosomes and 33,333 protein-coding genes. Comparisons to the genomes of Q. lobata and Q. mongolica revealed high collinearity, with intrachromosomal structural variants present. Orthologous gene family analysis with other tree species revealed that gene families associated with defense response were expanding and contracting simultaneously across the Q. rubra genome. Quercus rubra had the most CC-NBS-LRR and TIR-NBS-LRR resistance genes out of the nine species analyzed. Terpene synthase gene family comparisons further reveal tandem gene duplications in TPS-b subfamily, similar to Q. robur. Phylogenetic analysis also identified four subfamilies of the IGT/LAZY gene family in Q. rubra important for plant structure. Single major QTL regions were identified for vegetative bud break and marcescence which contain candidate genes for further research, including a putative ortholog of the circadian clock constituent cryptochrome (CRY2) and eight tandemly duplicated genes for serine protease inhibitors, respectively. Genome-environment associations across natural populations identified candidate abiotic stress tolerance genes and predicted performance in a common garden. This high-quality red oak genome represents an essential resource to the oak genomics community which will expedite comparative genomics and biological studies in Quercus species.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome for Quercus rubra L. provides insights into the genetics of adaptive traits for red oak species

Kapoor,

Jenkins,

Schmutz

et al. 2023

G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics

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Multi‐cohort survival of northern red oak seedlings at a northern hardwood forest transition

Cleavitt,

Battles,

Matthes

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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Global change has created less stable forest systems and given urgency to understanding limitations to the establishment of tree seedlings beyond current range boundaries. We quantified trends in 13 years of annual northern red oak (QURU) seedling survival data for 1733 marked individuals at a local species distribution boundary within the northern hardwood forest in New Hampshire, USA. Over the study period, the median distance of seedlings into the valley did not change, although there was a net gain of 89 plots (5 m2) occupied. For a subset of seedlings that were marked in their year of birth (N = 937), we examined relationships among terrain, vegetation community, and initial individual seedling traits, and evaluated their effects on time to seedling mortality using a parametric accelerated failure time model. The year of seedling germination had the largest effect on survival with increasing mortality rates for seedlings from more recent cohorts. Seedlings had longer survival times where oak seedling densities were lower, shrub cover was higher, and when the acorn remained attached. Additionally, survival time was increased in higher elevation plots, which were also located further into the valley. Interannual seedling survival (N = 1580) was strongly impacted by seedling condition in the previous year, particularly leaf number and amount of leaf damage. Most seedling deaths occurred over winter, and seedlings failed to break bud the following spring. Interannual variation in seasonal climate, particularly deep, heavy snowpack in 2019 followed by drought conditions in 2020, coincided with recent elevated mortality. Overall, the median survival time of 3–4 years and the rapid turnover of the oak seedling population currently limit ability for expansion, although the net gain of occupied plots and increase in survival at higher elevation plots with lower QURU densities present some mechanisms that could promote expansion if the current suboptimal understory conditions shift to favor QURU.

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Constructing sympatry networks to assess potential introgression pathways within the major oak sections in the contiguous US states

Cannon,

Kartesz,

Hoban

et al. 2024

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementIncreasing evidence indicates gene flow commonly occurs between closely related species in diverse plant genera and can involve numerous species. Here, we present a simple method to quantify and characterize the potential for gene flow among “sympatric” species (they share some part of their geographic distribution), using oaks as a case study. The resulting sympatry networks provide insight into potential interspecific gene flow, from the perspective of each species and across the entire suite of interfertile species. In a rapidly changing world, interspecific gene flow will play an increasingly important role in the conservation of endangered species, both positive and negative.Summary We provide a simple method, using geographic distribution data, to quantify and characterize sympatry networks among a suite of interfertile species to assess potential routes for introgressive hybridization (IH). Sympatry is a necessary condition for IH and is easily determined from widely available geographic distribution data. Oaks, famous for hybridization, present an excellent case study. We use county‐level data for 94 oak species in the contiguous US states to determine patterns of sympatry of species within the four sections, assumed to be interfertile. The pairwise sympatry relationships can generate species‐centric local networks or a syngameon‐wide network. Two different measures of sympatry are used: proportional and relative. Most oak species are exposed to IH from many species, with red oaks having slightly higher local levels of sympatry (5.7 vs. 3.8 spp per county) than white oaks but lower total numbers of sympatric species (13.7 vs. 14.8). The nature of potential IH generally differs for threatened species, which are often embedded in the much larger distributions of widespread species. Potential IH within oak sections is widespread and disproportionately affects rare species. Given that IH has potentially positive or negative impacts on species cohesion, persistence, and adaptation, the geographic connections among species and the ‘local sympatry effect’ can serve as a springboard for hypothesis generation and genetic investigation of introgression patterns.

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Strategies to mitigate shifts in red oak (Quercus sect. Lobatae) distribution under a changing climate

Cited by 9 publications

References 162 publications

A haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome for Quercus rubra L. provides insights into the genetics of adaptive traits for red oak species

A haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome for Quercus rubra L. provides insights into the genetics of adaptive traits for red oak species

Multi‐cohort survival of northern red oak seedlings at a northern hardwood forest transition

Constructing sympatry networks to assess potential introgression pathways within the major oak sections in the contiguous US states

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