Strategies towards Novel Carbon Fiber Precursors: the Research Results on the Synthesis of PAN Copolymers via AGET ATRP and on Lignin as a Precursor

Soulis, Spyridon; Anagnou, Stavros; Milioni, Eleni G.; Kartsonakis, Ioannisa; Kanellopoulou, Irene; Markakis, Vassilis; Koumoulos, Elias P.; Kontou, E.; Charitidis, Costas A.

doi:10.17756/nwj.2015-011

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For example, when Cu 2 O/N,N,N ,N -tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) was used as catalyst/ligand system, PAN with PDI of 1.2 was synthesized; addition of AlCl 3 in the reaction mixture led to increase in the isotactic content [52]. Activation generated by electron transfer (AGET) ATRP has also been proposed for synthesizing PAN-block-PMMA copolymers that could be used as CF precursors with improved properties [53]. Additionally, substitution of metal catalysts or UV-radiation activated initiators with visible-light activated photocatalysts can benefit ATRP.…”

Section: Chemistry Of Pan Precursors Towards Carbon Fibers Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Alternative Stabilization Strategies for the Production of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers with High Performance

Soulis

Konstantopoulos

Koumoulos

et al. 2020

Fibers

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The aim of this work is to review a possible correlation of composition, thermal processing, and recent alternative stabilization technologies to the mechanical properties. The chemical microstructure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) is discussed in detail to understand the influence in thermomechanical properties during stabilization by observing transformation from thermoplastic to ladder polymer. In addition, relevant literature data are used to understand the comonomer composition effect on mechanical properties. Technologies of direct fiber heating by irradiation have been recently involved and hold promise to enhance performance, reduce processing time and energy consumption. Carbon fiber manufacturing can provide benefits by using higher comonomer ratios, similar to textile grade or melt-spun PAN, in order to cut costs derived from an acrylonitrile precursor, without suffering in regard to mechanical properties. Energy intensive processes of stabilization and carbonization remain a challenging field of research in order to reduce both environmental impact and cost of the wide commercialization of carbon fibers (CFs) to enable their broad application.

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Section: Chemistry Of Pan Precursors Towards Carbon Fibers Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Alternative Stabilization Strategies for the Production of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers with High Performance

Soulis

Konstantopoulos

Koumoulos

et al. 2020

Fibers

Self Cite

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“…As a result of the foreseeable shortage of oil, sustainable alternatives to PAN to produce carbon fibers based on renewable raw materials are increasingly becoming the focus of scientific interest. The biopolymers lignin and cellulose, which have so far been little used in fiber form, have the highest potential in this context [94]. The research community has focused the last years on the exploitation of lignin and several European projects have already investigated alternative CF precursors from lignin (Figure 7).…”

Section: Alternative Precursors-critical Non-dependencementioning

confidence: 99%

Research and Development in Carbon Fibers and Advanced High-Performance Composites Supply Chain in Europe: A Roadmap for Challenges and the Industrial Uptake

et al. 2019

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Structural materials, typically based on metal, have been gradually substituted by high-performance composites based on carbon fibers, embedded in a polymer matrix, due to their potential to provide lighter, stronger, and more durable solutions. In the last decades, the composites industry has witnessed a sustained growth, especially due to diffusion of these materials in key markets, such as the construction, wind energy, aeronautics, and automobile sectors. Carbon fibers are, by far, the most widely used fiber in high-performance applications. This important technology has huge potential for the future and it is expected to have a significant impact in the manufacturing industry within Europe and, therefore, coordination and strategic roadmapping actions are required. To lead a further drive to develop the potential of composites into new sectors, it is important to establish strategic roadmapping actions, including the development of business and cost models, supply chains implementation, and development, suitability for high volume markets and addressing technology management. Europe already has a vibrant and competitive composites industry that is supported by several research centers, but for its positioning in a forefront position in this technology, further challenges are still required to be addressed.

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“…The peak at 1600 cm −1 also implies the presence of a conjugated structure. There is also a shoulder at 1750 cm −1 , corresponding to lignin's carbonyl groups [43][44][45]. The FTIR most important peaks are tabulated in Table 7.…”

Section: Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Specmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Processing of Melt Spun Materials from Esterified Lignin with Lactic Acid

et al. 2019

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In this study, the carbon fiber manufacturing process is investigated, using high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and esterified lignin either with lactic acid (LA) or with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) as precursors. More specifically, lignin was modified using either LA or PLA in order to increase its chemical affinity with HDPE. The modified compounds were continuously melt spun to fibrous materials by blending with HDPE in order to fabricate a carbon fiber precursor. The obtained products were characterized with respect to their morphology, as well as their structure and chemical composition. Moreover, an assessment of both physical and structural transformations after modification of lignin with LA and PLA was performed in order to evaluate the spinning ability of the composite fibers, as well as the thermal processing to carbon fibers. This bottom–up approach seems to be able to provide a viable route considering large scale production in order to transform lignin in value-added product. Tensile tests revealed that the chemical lignin modification allowed an enhancement in its spinning ability due to its compatibility improvement with the commercial low-cost and thermoplastic HDPE polymer. Finally, stabilization and carbonization thermal processing was performed in order to obtain carbon fibers.

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Strategies towards Novel Carbon Fiber Precursors: the Research Results on the Synthesis of PAN Copolymers via AGET ATRP and on Lignin as a Precursor

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Impact of Alternative Stabilization Strategies for the Production of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers with High Performance

Impact of Alternative Stabilization Strategies for the Production of PAN-Based Carbon Fibers with High Performance

Research and Development in Carbon Fibers and Advanced High-Performance Composites Supply Chain in Europe: A Roadmap for Challenges and the Industrial Uptake

Synthesis and Processing of Melt Spun Materials from Esterified Lignin with Lactic Acid

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