Strategy for Microwave Energy Harvesting From Ambient Field or a Feeding Source

Marian, Vlad; Allard, Bruno; Vollaire, Christian; Verdier, Jacques

doi:10.1109/tpel.2012.2185249

Cited by 182 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Alternatively, multiple rectifiers optimized at different incident power levels can be connected in parallel to extend the operating range of the rectenna [21]. In applications where the incident rf power density has variation over relatively slow timescales, an optimum load or maximum power point tracking (MPPT) approach can be used to optimize efficiency over a wide operating range [22]- [25]. In this approach, the rectifier is loaded with a power converter stage, with a control loop adaptively adjusting the rectifier output voltage to maximize the energy capture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Barton

Gordonson

Perreault

2015

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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Abstract-Microwave-to-dc rectification is valuable in many applications including rf energy recovery, dc-dc conversion, and wireless power transfer. In such applications, it is desired for the microwave rectifier system to provide a constant rf input impedance. Consequently, variation in rectifier input impedance over varying incident power levels can hurt system performance. To address this challenge, we introduce multi-way transmissionline resistance compression networks (TLRCNs) for maintaining near-constant input impedance in rf-to-dc rectifier systems. A development of TLRCNs is presented, along with their application to rf-to-dc conversion and wireless power transfer. We derive analytical expressions for the behavior of TLRCNs, and describe two design methodologies applicable to both single and multi-stage implementations. A 2.45-GHz 4-way TLRCN network is implemented and applied to create a 4-Watt resistancecompressed rectifier system that has narrow-range resistive input characteristics over a 10-dB power range. It is demonstrated to improve the impedance match to mostly-resistive but variable input impedance class-E rectifiers over a 10-dB power range. The resulting TLRCN plus rectifier system has >50% rf-to-dc conversion efficiency over a >10-dB input power range at 2.45 GHz (peak efficiency 70%), and SWR <1.1 over a 7.7-dB range, despite a non-negligible reactive component in the rectifier loads.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Barton

Gordonson

Perreault

2015

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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“…This technology is still in its preliminary stages and the amount of power it produces is still very low (0.3 µW) for a device of 1 cm 2 [9]. Ambient radiation: The energy of ambient radiation sources, such as near infrared [10], X-rays [11] and RF [12] can also be captured and converted into electricity. Here again, the fundamental dependency upon the amount of energy available in the area of application, as well as the limited size of in-ear devices eliminates the possibility of any such applications.…”

Section: B Energy Harvesting From the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Harvesting for In-Ear Devices Using Ear Canal Dynamic Motion

Delnavaz

Voix

2014

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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Abstract-In this paper, we study the possibility of using energy harvesting from ear canal dynamic motion as a source of power to replace the use of batteries for in-ear devices. Two handmade micro-power generators capable of scavenging energy from ear canal deformation are presented in this paper: (1) a hydroelectromagnetic energy harvester and (2) a flexible piezoelectric generator. The experimental results show that 3.3 mJ of energy per mouth opening and closing cycle is available from ear canal dynamic motion. If we consider that possibly thousands of such cycles occur daily, ear canal dynamic motion could prove a likely source of energy for in-ear applications.Index Terms-ear canal dynamic motion, electromagnetic energy harvester, piezoelectric energy harvester. I. INTRODUCTIONT HE most limiting aspect in mobile technology is the electrical power supply. It restricts autonomy and has a direct impact on the weight and size of electronic devices. Although the use of batteries is still widespread, their cost and impact on the environment is an increasing problem.According to the World Health Organization [1], hundreds of millions of people suffer from various types of hearing impairment and tens of millions of hearing aids are currently in use. Hearing aids and other types of in-ear devices such as digital earplugs, smart hearing protectors and Bluetooth communication earpieces typically have low power consumption and strict size limitations. In recent years, they have been substantially modified and are becoming less energy consuming. Since energy harvesting technologies are usually suitable for low power portable devices, they are gaining interest as an alternative to batteries for in-ear devices.In general, batteries and energy harvesting from the environment or the human body are the only possible ways to power in-ear devices. In this paper, we investigate a new source of energy harvesting for in-ear devices that would come from the wearer: ear canal dynamic motion. This paper is organized as follows: Section II provides an overview of recent advances in various known energy source technologies for in-ear applications. Ear canal dynamic motion as an unexploited source of energy is studied in section III. A hydro-electromagnetic power generator and a piezo-ring energy harvester were designed, modeled, built, and finally tested. Their results are presented in sections IV and V and are discussed in section VI. Finally, the conclusion is drawn in section VII.

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“…The principal limitation of the rectenna circuit is that it is designed for an operating point. Good efficiency is obtained when different parameters are considered: power level, central frequency, and load impedance [9]. A rectenna is a microwave rectifier which converts RF energy directly into DC current.…”

Section: Antenna Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the use of electromagnetic waves as means of power supply in wireless sensor networks

Cortés-Sánchez¹,

Velázquez-Ramírez²,

Lucas-Bravo³

et al. 2014

J Wireless Com Network

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Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be typically used to achieve continuous monitoring (CM) or event detection inside the supervised area. In CM applications, each sensor node transmits periodically its sensed data to the sink node, while in event-detection driven (EDD) applications, once an event occurs, it is reported to the sink node. Hence, CM applications entail much higher energy consumption since all nodes are actively transmitting information much longer than typical EDD applications. Furthermore, in highly dense WSNs, the energy consumption is even higher. As such, the use of autonomous devices that provide a constant energy supply is becoming relevant for these environments. In this work, we propose to take advantage of the electromagnetic waves found in the radio-electric spectrum in order to supply the energy to each node in the network. To this end, the antenna and the storage and amplifications system for such device are designed. Additionally, the performance of dense CM WSN is studied using a Markov chain in order to calculate the lifetime of the system.

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Strategy for Microwave Energy Harvesting From Ambient Field or a Feeding Source

Cited by 182 publications

References 40 publications

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Transmission Line Resistance Compression Networks and Applications to Wireless Power Transfer

Energy Harvesting for In-Ear Devices Using Ear Canal Dynamic Motion

On the use of electromagnetic waves as means of power supply in wireless sensor networks

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