Strategy of Large-Scale Electric Vehicles Absorbing Renewable Energy Abandoned Electricity Based on Master-Slave Game

Abstract

The rapid development of renewable energy power has improved global energy and environmental problems. However, with the high volatility of renewable energy, it is an important challenge to guarantee the consumption of renewable energy and the reliable operation of high percentage renewable energy power systems. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a tracking absorption strategy for renewable energy based on the interaction between the supply side and the demand side, which adjusts the charging process of electric vehicles (EVs) through electric vehicle aggregator (EVA) to realize the tracking absorption of renewable energy abandoned electricity. In view of this process, we analyze the interaction among power grid, EVA and renewable energy generation (REG) as well as their market characteristics. The master-slave game model of EVA and REG was constructed considering the charging behavior characteristics of EVs and the output characteristics of REGs. Then the model solving strategy based on soft actor-critic (SAC) algorithm is proposed, and the REG pricing strategy and EVA scheduling strategy are calculated to optimize the mutual benefits. The case analysis shows that, under the same scale of electric vehicles, the proposed method can promote about 93.89% of the power abandonment consumption of wind power system, 96.00% of the photovoltaic system, and 97.41% of the wind-solar system. This strategy reduces the electricity purchase cost of EVA, promotes the interaction among renewable energy , vehicles and power grid, and improves the utilization efficiency of renewable energy.

A Master-Slave Game Optimization Model for Electric Power Companies Considering Virtual Power Plant

“…In view of the complex modeling background and based on the master-slave game theory, the decision-making control variables can be hierarchically grasped the main contradictions step by step. This is conducive to clarifying the physical meaning of the model, understanding its logical structure, and reducing the complexity of the problem [20]- [22]. In the process of optimizing operation and coordinating dispatch of electricity sales companies, the purchase and sale strategy in the electric energy trading center and the VPP power generation dispatching plan represent the core of the entire system operational plan.…”

Can electric vehicles be an alternative for traditional fossil-fuel cars with the help of renewable energy sources towards energy sustainability achievement?

“…For EVA and REG, a master-slave game system that is based on the charging characteristics of EVs and the output characteristics of REGs was designed. In order to solve the model, a soft actor-critic method is utilized, and in order to optimize the benefits shared by all parties involved, REG pricing and EVA scheduling are calculated (Liu et al 2021).…”

“…EVs charging-discharging, G2V and V2G modes A simulation of the battery capacity and the transportation network is carried out in order to investigate the impact that EVs that are connected to the grid have on the adaptability of the distribution network Liu et al (2021) To explore if the benefits shared by REG pricing and EVA scheduling can be calculated and optimized…”

“…3. Because of this method, the cost of acquiring energy for EVA can be brought down, the link between renewable energy, EVs, and the power grid can be strengthened, and the utilization of RE can be brought up to a higher level (Liu et al 2021). 4.…”

“…A listed set of limitations of the reviewed papers Few examples are used to demonstrate that the recommended approach may be used to analyse the flexibility of the time series associated with a distribution system in order to demonstrate that the proposed method is successfulLiu et al (2021) The method has been evaluated based only on the charging characteristics of EVsLi and SaeidNahaei (2022) Evidence related to the EVs' matched charge/discharge cycles have been applied for the monthly basis. It is needed for a wider range of time-based analysis e.g., annually, to be investigated Park et al (2022) It lacks limitations of space, time, and charging Jampeethong and Khomfoi (2020) There are few considerations in regard to case in situations when there are many uncertainties, e.g., fluctuations in wind and solar power, N-1 outages, disconnection of RESs, demand variations, and EVs quantity Bastida-Molina et al (2021) EVCS are subject to several constraints, some of which may be alleviated by the use of hybrid RE systems Azarhooshang et al (2021) It is of necessity to accurately reflect the unpredictability of the demand, RE, electricity pricing, and EVs characteristics…”