Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone Responses to the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

Lu, Jinpeng; Lou, Sijia; Huang, Xin; Xue, Lian; Ding, K. Y.; Liu, Tengyu; Ma, Yue; Wang, Wuke; Ding, Aijun

doi:10.1029/2022gl102315

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The simulations by Liu et al. (2023) support the atmospheric phenomenon hypothesis. The authors used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere/ionosphere extension (WACCM‐X) to reproduce the event, simulating Lamb waves with increasing temperature and wind amplitudes with altitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Extreme Horizontal Wind Perturbations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over South America Associated With the 2022 Hunga Eruption

Poblet

Chau

Conte

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The 15 January 2022 eruption of Hunga volcano, Tonga (Global Volcanism Program, 2022), which began around 4:00 UT, ejected an immense amount of energy into the atmosphere, as well as volcanic tephra and gases into the stratosphere. The eruption released approximately the equivalent of 61 Mt, which is larger than the Tsar Bomba, and the famous 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens (Díaz & Rigby, 2022).The event generated a wide spectrum of atmospheric waves (Matoza et al., 2022) with a salient surface-guided Lamb wave (Francis, 1973) that was detected all around the globe, propagating at ∼310 m/s. Carvajal et al. ( 2022) used globally distributed coastal tide gauge records and found a uniformly small amplitude leading wave moving faster than the expected tsunami. The velocity of the leading wave was very close to the velocity of the atmospheric Lamb wave, as measured by pressure pulses all over the world (Amores et al., 2022;Díaz & Rigby, 2022). Even though the kinetic energy of these waves falls away exponentially from the surface (Vallis, 2017), clear ionospheric perturbations were detected propagating at comparable velocities (≃300-320 m/s) (e.g., Lin et al., 2022;Verhulst et al., 2022;Zhang et al., 2022), which suggests that their energy leaked into the thermosphere. Since the neutral density also decreases exponentially with altitude, Lamb waves increase in amplitude with height. The ionospheric disturbances traveled around the world at least three times (Zhang et al., 2022).The eruption generated regionally localized perturbations as well. In South America, the strongest total electron content (TEC) variations on the day of the event were detected between around 17:00 and 22:00 UT (Takahashi et al., 2023). The onset time of these perturbations approximately coincides with the arrival time of the largest tsunami waves to the western coast of the continent (Carvajal et al., 2022).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Extreme Horizontal Wind Perturbations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over South America Associated With the 2022 Hunga Eruption

Poblet

Chau

Conte

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Liu et al. (2023), which seems to demonstrate this meridional variability of amplitudes of fluctuations (e.g., see their Figure 3a and provided animation).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Liu et al. (2023). We also note that the ray simulations using NAVGEM environment data markedly improve the agreement with observations, contrasting with ray‐tracing in global empirical model data from NRLMSISE‐00 and HWM‐14, which further supports this interpretation that the Lamb wave modes and related AGW (including evanescent) vertical coupling contributed to the fluctuations observed at all altitudes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐Layer Evolution of Acoustic‐Gravity Waves and Ionospheric Disturbances Over the United States After the 2022 Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption

Inchin,

Bhatt,

Cummer

et al. 2023

AGU Advances

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The Hunga‐Tonga Hunga‐Ha'apai volcano underwent a series of large‐magnitude eruptions that generated broad spectra of mechanical waves in the atmosphere. We investigate the spatial and temporal evolutions of fluctuations driven by atmospheric acoustic‐gravity waves (AGWs) and, in particular, the Lamb wave modes in high spatial resolution data sets measured over the Continental United States (CONUS), complemented with data over the Americas and the Pacific. Along with >800 barometer sites, tropospheric observations, and Total Electron Content data from >3,000 receivers, we report detections of volcano‐induced AGWs in mesopause and ionosphere‐thermosphere airglow imagery and Fabry‐Perot interferometry. We also report unique AGW signatures in the ionospheric D‐region, measured using Long‐Range Navigation pulsed low‐frequency transmitter signals. Although we observed fluctuations over a wide range of periods and speeds, we identify Lamb wave modes exhibiting 295–345 m s−1 phase front velocities with correlated spatial variability of their amplitudes from the Earth's surface to the ionosphere. Results suggest that the Lamb wave modes, tracked by our ray‐tracing modeling results, were accompanied by deep fluctuation fields coupled throughout the atmosphere, and were all largely consistent in arrival times with the sequence of eruptions over 8 hr. The ray results also highlight the importance of winds in reducing wave amplitudes at CONUS midlatitudes. The ability to identify and interpret Lamb wave modes and accompanying fluctuations on the basis of arrival times and speeds, despite complexity in their spectra and modulations by the inhomogeneous atmosphere, suggests opportunities for analysis and modeling to understand their signals to constrain features of hazardous events.

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“…Stratospheric ozone changes after HTHH can be anticipated from both changes in circulation and anomalous chemistry from enhanced H 2 O and aerosols (Hofmann & Solomon, 1989; Lu et al., 2023; Solomon, 1999; Tie & Brasseur, 1995; Yook et al., 2022; Zhu et al., 2022). MLS observations show lower stratospheric (LS) ozone reductions during winter over the SH midlatitudes and tropics (∼50°S–10°S), which are outside of previous variability (Figure 8a).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

Wang,

Randel,

Zhu

et al. 2023

JGR Atmospheres

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The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in January 2022 injected unprecedented amounts of water vapor (H2O) and a moderate amount of the aerosol precursor sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropical stratosphere. The H2O and aerosol perturbations have persisted during 2022 and early 2023 and dispersed throughout the atmosphere. Observations show large‐scale SH stratospheric cooling, equatorward shift of the Antarctic polar vortex and slowing of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Satellite observations show substantial ozone reductions over SH winter midlatitudes that coincide with the largest circulation anomalies. Chemistry‐climate model simulations forced by realistic HTHH inputs of H2O and SO2 qualitatively reproduce the observed evolution of the H2O and aerosol plumes over the first year, and the model exhibits stratospheric cooling, circulation changes and ozone effects similar to observed behavior. The agreement demonstrates that the observed stratospheric changes are caused by the HTHH volcanic influences.

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Stratospheric Aerosol and Ozone Responses to the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

Cited by 17 publications

References 84 publications

Extreme Horizontal Wind Perturbations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over South America Associated With the 2022 Hunga Eruption

Extreme Horizontal Wind Perturbations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Over South America Associated With the 2022 Hunga Eruption

Multi‐Layer Evolution of Acoustic‐Gravity Waves and Ionospheric Disturbances Over the United States After the 2022 Hunga Tonga Volcano Eruption

Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption

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