Stratospheric Aerosol Measurements II: The Worldwide Distribution

An Estimation of the Radiative Effect in the Stratosphere due to the Pinatubo Aerosol

“…The size distribution is chosen to be consistent with the concentrations of particles with diameters greater than 0.3 and 0.5am Rosen and Hofmann, 1975) and the concentration of condensation nuclei, i.e., radius smaller than 0.1um, (Rosen et al, 1974;Kaselau et al, 1974). The ratio of concentrations for the two sizes (greater than 0.3 and 0.5µm diameters) gives a characteristic (e-folding) diameter of about 0.15pm for an exponential size distribution .…”

Evaluation of aerosol effect on electrical conductivity in the lower stratosphere.

“…In situ measurements of aerosol density in the stratosphere have often been made for large particles with balloon-borne aerosol counters (e.g., RosEN et al, 1975), in which the method used is the counting of light pulses scattered by individual aerosols in the subject atmosphere. The principle using a visible light source applies to aerosols with diameters larger than 0.3um.…”

Retrieving aerosol height from the oxygen A band: a fast forward operator and sensitivity study concerning spectral resolution, instrumental noise, and surface inhomogeneity

“…Lidar measurements (e.g., using EARLINET; Amodeo et al, 2007), airborne experiments (e.g., Zieger et al, 2007), or balloon ascents (e.g., Rosen et al, 1975) can be used to derive aerosol vertical profiles on local scales, while the backscatter lidar CALIOP on board the satellite CALIPSO (Winker et al, 2009) is currently the only instrument that provides information on a global scale. A limitation of CALIPSO measurements is their sparse spacial and temporal resolution (Winker et al, 2010;Amiridis et al, 2013), which could be improved drastically by deriving aerosol height directly from passive imaging instruments.…”