Streams in the Urban Landscape

Paul, Michael J.; Meyer, Judy L.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-73412-5_12

Cited by 691 publications

(612 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Shredding invertebrates transform CPOM to FPOM thus contributing to the primary input of nutrients into the food web (Merritt and Cummins 1996). Nutrient concentrations may also influence the breakdown of leaf litter (Paul and Meyer 2001;Spanhoff et al 2007). However, litter retention or breakdown may be different between streams, which is likely given the differences in flow regime and physical variables (Prochazka et al 1991;Hoover et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental factors and predation on benthic communities in headwater streams

2010

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Structure and composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were investigated during three consecutive years in six headwater streams that exhibit a high variation in environmental conditions, habitat structure and predatory pressure. We examined whether the abundance of functional feeding groups could be best predicted by the abundance of predators and some habitat and chemical variables. Mean density and biomass of macroinvertebrate functional feeding groups varied significantly throughout the study area. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that both density and biomass of functional feeding groups was influenced primarily by chemical features of water. Shredder biomass and scraper density were also influenced by habitat features, the abundance of scrapers increasing in deeper localities at lower altitudes and with abundant macrophytes. The abundance of predatory invertebrates was related to the density and biomass of benthic prey. An influence of fish predation on invertebrate communities was not observed in the study streams. The finding that benthic communities in undisturbed headwater streams are mainly affected by water chemistry variables irrespective of fish predation and habitat features clearly highlight the sensitivity of functional feeding groups to changes in chemical features and their role as indicators for bioassessment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of environmental factors and predation on benthic communities in headwater streams

2010

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“…In urban environments, levels of different chemical pollutants such as heavy metals, excess nutrients, pesticides, and toxic organic compounds are typically elevated in rivers due to industrial and sewage effl uents, and runoff from roads, yards and other sources (Paul & Meyer 2001 ;Rosseland & Kroglund 2011 [Chapter 15 ]). Poor water quality can have a marked effect on salmonid stocks, but the impact can vary greatly in terms of scale and longevity.…”

Section: Habitat Management Population Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape and Land Use Effects on Atlantic Salmon

Ugedal

Finstad

2010

Atlantic Salmon Ecology

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Atlantic salmon spawn in more than 2000 river systems along both sides of the North Atlantic Ocean. A river ' s capacity for producing juvenile salmon is to a large degree dependent on the total amount of suitable freshwater habitat available for rearing, which varies extensively among rivers. This chapter focuses on how landscape and its anthropogenic land use modifi cation contributes to the among -river variation in salmon production. We outline how landscape factors operate at widely varying spatial scales which are hierarchically nested within each other. Due to this hierarchy of river functioning, large -scale factors often override factors controlling salmon production at smaller scales. Human impacts and land use have infl uenced the historical and current status of Atlantic salmon productivity from the global to the catchment and local reach scales. Understanding how factors at different scales infl uence salmon productivity is thus obviously important in salmon habitat conservation and restoration. In light of this we discuss relevant spatial scales for assessment of anthropogenic land use impacts on salmon freshwater habitat and for carrying out habitat restoration strategies.

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“…Based on the review of Allan (2004), agricultural land is the more common and extensive land use in most developed catchments of the U.S. (e. g., Benke and Cushing, 2004); although urban land use is at a lower percentage of U. S. catchments, this land use class has a disproportionately larger negative infl uence on stream ecosystems (e. g., Paul and Meyer, 2001). As indicated above in the present study, mining land use was highest in the same subcatchments with high levels of urbanization (Table 3).…”

Section: Gis Watershed Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroinvertebrate response to land cover, habitat, and water chemistry in a mining-impacted river ecosystem: A GIS watershed analysis

Bruns

2005

Aquat. Sci.

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This study addressed potential land use impacts to macroinvertebrate communities and water quality from past coal mining activities in the watershed of the North Branch of the Susquehanna River (located in northeastern Pennsylvania and southern New York). Landscape tools of GIS and remote sensing (RS) were used to calculate percent land cover (forest, agriculture, barren, urban, and water) from SPOT imagery (for tributaries) and Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) data (for river sites) on 17 subcatchments in the study area. The study design included fi eld sampling at reach locations at four fi rst-and second-order sites with low urban and low barren (mining) land cover, four similar sized sites with high mining and high barren land cover, fi ve sites with intermediate combinations of urban and barren, and four mainstem river sites (60 % forest and 35 % agriculture). Sites were sampled in early fall for macroinvertebrates (17 parameters, e. g., EPT richness, percent fi lterers), benthic substrates (including deposits from mine waters), and 10 water chemistry parameters. A principal component analysis (PCA) on the macroinvertebrate parameters provided plot-clustering of subcatchments based generally on the above study design groupings; river sites clustered closer to smaller streams with low mining and urban land cover. Correlations identifi ed six macroinvertebrate parameters (e. g., EPT richness, collector-gatherers) best associated with the three major axes of the PCA; each of these six indicators was analyzed in step-wise multiple regressions as dependent variables against land cover, benthic substrate, and water chemistry parameters. The strongest regressions were for percent barren land cover that explained the greatest amount of variation in both EPT richness and taxa richness. This mining affect was confi rmed with dissolved iron and sulfate concentrations and levels of sedimentation and iron deposition explaining variability across several macroinvertebrate parameters. Comparison to the published literature on mining impacts indicated advantages to using a GIS watershed approach in multivariate analyses of stream ecosystem response. Also, this appears to be the fi rst GIS watershed assessment of mining land use affects since most published studies of land use impacts to watersheds and lotic ecosystems have focused on either agriculture or urbanization.

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Streams in the Urban Landscape

Cited by 691 publications

References 140 publications

Effects of environmental factors and predation on benthic communities in headwater streams

Effects of environmental factors and predation on benthic communities in headwater streams

Landscape and Land Use Effects on Atlantic Salmon

Macroinvertebrate response to land cover, habitat, and water chemistry in a mining-impacted river ecosystem: A GIS watershed analysis

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