Street-level methane emissions of Bucharest, Romania and the dominance of urban wastewater.

Pataki, Zoi; Maazallahi, Hossein; France, James L.; Menoud, Malika; Corbu, Marius-Paul; Ardelean, Magdalena; Calcan, Andreea; Townsend‐Small, Amy; Veen, Carina van der; Fisher, Rebecca E.; Lowry, David; Nisbet, E. G.; Röckmann, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.aeaoa.2022.100153

Cited by 20 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…2. The fossil fuel sources partly overlap with the range of thermogenic CH 4 , but also spread towards lower δ 13 C or higher δ 2 H. This is due to the presence of natural gas of microbial origin in the coal reservoirs of Silesia, in Poland (Kotarba, 2001;Kotarba and Pluta, 2009;, and in Romania (Baciu et al, 2018;Fernandez et al, 2022;Menoud et al, 2022b). We concluded that this microbial CH 4 originates from the CO 2 reduction pathway as defined by Milkov and Etiope (2018), with relatively depleted δ 13 C (< −60 ‰) and relatively enriched δ 2 H (> −250 ‰).…”

Section: The European Methane Isotope Database (Emid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We concluded that this microbial CH 4 originates from the CO 2 reduction pathway as defined by Milkov and Etiope (2018), with relatively depleted δ 13 C (< −60 ‰) and relatively enriched δ 2 H (> −250 ‰). The δ 2 H measurements were in these cases particularly useful to distinguish fossil fuels from micro- bial sources Fernandez et al, 2022;Menoud et al, 2022b).…”

Section: The European Methane Isotope Database (Emid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bousquet et al, 2006;Schaefer et al, 2016;Turner et al, 2017;Thompson et al, 2018;Fujita et al, 2020;Lan et al, 2021), and at the regional scale (Röckmann et al, 2016;Stieger et al, 2019;Menoud et al, 2020cVarga et al, 2021). In addition, isotope measurements have proven to be very successful for source attribution in cities (Phillips et al, 2013;Zazzeri et al, 2017;Maazallahi et al, 2020;Xueref-Remy et al, 2020;Defratyka et al, 2021;Fernandez et al, 2022), and larger regions (Tarasova et al, 2006;Fisher et al, 2011;Beck et al, 2012;Warwick et al, 2016;Fisher et al, 2017;Lu et al, 2021). The uncertainties in the resulting emission rates of the different source categories depend on our knowledge of the different isotopic source signatures, and understanding of their variability (Rigby et al, 2012;Schwietzke et al, 2016;McNorton et al, 2018;Szénási, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New contributions of measurements in Europe to the global inventory of the stable isotopic composition of methane

Menoud

Veen

Lowry

et al. 2022

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. Recent climate change mitigation strategies rely on the reduction of methane (CH4) emissions. Carbon and hydrogen isotope ratio (δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4) measurements can be used to distinguish sources and thus to understand the CH4 budget better. The CH4 emission estimates by models are sensitive to the isotopic signatures assigned to each source category, so it is important to provide representative estimates of the different CH4 source isotopic signatures worldwide. We present new measurements of isotope signatures of various, mainly anthropogenic, CH4 sources in Europe, which represent a substantial contribution to the global dataset of source isotopic measurements from the literature, especially for δ2HCH4. They improve the definition of δ13CCH4 from waste sources, and demonstrate the use of δ2HCH4 for fossil fuel source attribution. We combined our new measurements with the last published database of CH4 isotopic signatures and with additional literature, and present a new global database. We found that microbial sources are generally well characterised. The large variability in fossil fuel isotopic compositions requires particular care in the choice of weighting criteria for the calculation of a representative global value. The global dataset could be further improved by measurements from African, South American, and Asian countries, and more measurements from pyrogenic sources. We improved the source characterisation of CH4 emissions using stable isotopes and associated uncertainty, to be used in top-down studies. We emphasise that an appropriate use of the database requires the analysis of specific parameters in relation to source type and the region of interest. The final version of the European CH4 isotope database coupled with a global inventory of fossil and non-fossil δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4 source signature measurements is available at https://doi.org/10.24416/UU01-YP43IN (Menoud et al., 2022a).

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Section: The European Methane Isotope Database (Emid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The European Methane Isotope Database (Emid)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New contributions of measurements in Europe to the global inventory of the stable isotopic composition of methane

Menoud

Veen

Lowry

et al. 2022

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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“…Biogenic sources include, among others, emissions from sewage systems (Fernandez et al (2022)) and waste water treatment (Maazallahi et al (2020)). Furthermore, wetlands and bodies of water are common natural CH 4 emitters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of methane emissions in Hamburg using a network of FTIR spectrometers and an inverse modeling approach

Forstmaier

Chen

Dietrich

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and anthropogenic CH4 emissions contribute significantly to global warming. In this study the CH4 emissions of the city of Hamburg, Germany were quantified with measurements from four solar-viewing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers (FTIR), mobile in-situ measurements and an inversion framework. For source type attribution an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer was deployed in the city. The urban district hosts an extensive industrial and port area in the south, as well as a large conglomerate of residential areas north of the Elbe river. For emission modeling the TNO GHGco inventory was used as a basis. In order to improve the inventory, two approaches were followed: Firstly the addition of a large natural CH4 source, the Elbe river, which was previously not in the inventory. Secondly mobile measurements were carried out to update the spatial distribution of emissions in the TNO GHGco gridded inventory and derive two updated versions of the inventory. The addition of the river emissions improved model performance, while the correction of the spatial distribution with mobile measurements did not have a significant effect on the total emission estimates for the campaign period. A comparison of the updated inventories with emission estimates from a Gaussian Plume Model (GPM) showed that the updated versions of the inventory in several cases match the GPM emissions estimates well, highlighting the potential of mobile measurements to derive up-to-date emission inventories. The mobile measurement survey also revealed a large, so far unknown point source of fossil origin with a magnitude of 0.069 ± 0.047 Gg/yr. The isotopic measurements show strong indications that there is a large biogenic CH4 source in Hamburg which produced repeated enhancements of over 1ppm. The CH4 emissions (anthropogenic and natural) of the city of Hamburg were quantified as 14 ± Gg/yr of which 7.9 ± 4.4 Gg/yr are of anthropogenic origin. This study reveals that mobile measurements at street-level may miss the majority of total methane emissions, potentially due to sources within buildings including stoves and boilers operating on fossil gas (also referred to as "natural gas"), as well as due to large area sources like for instance the Alster lake.

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“…The leak emission rate is not quantified and thus also not a parameter affecting the course of action. In recent years, mobile measurement methods using vehicles with fast and high-precision laser instrumentation have been established for leak detection and emission quantification in numerous cities (Fernandez et al, 2022;Defratyka et al, 2021;Luetschwager et al, 2021;Keyes et al, 2020;Maazallahi et al, 2020;Ars et al, 2020;Weller et al, 2018;von Fischer et al, 2017;Jackson et al, 2014). In-situ measurements of atmospheric CH4 from mobile vehicles are used to pinpoint and quantify CH4 emission sources at street level in urban areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

Intercomparison of detection and quantification methods for methane emissions from the natural gas distribution network in Hamburg, Germany

Maazallahi

Delre

Scheutz

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. In August and September 2020, three different measurement methods for quantifying methane (CH4) emission from leaks in urban gas distribution networks were applied and compared in Hamburg, Germany: the “mobile”, “tracer release” and “suction” methods. The mobile and tracer release methods determine emission rates to the atmosphere from measurements of CH4 mole fractions in the ambient air, and the tracer release method also includes measurement of a gaseous tracer. The suction method determines emission rates by pumping air out of the ground using soil probes that are placed above the suspected leak location. The quantitative intercomparison of the emission rates from the three methods at a small number of locations is challenging because of limitations of the different methods at different types of leak locations. The mobile method was designed to rapidly quantify the average or total emission rate of many gas leaks in a city, but it yields a large emission rate uncertainty for individual leak locations. Emission rates determined for individual leak locations with the tracer release technique are more precise because the simultaneous measurement of the tracer released at a known rate at the emission source eliminates many of the uncertainties encountered with the mobile method. Nevertheless, care must be taken to properly collocate the tracer release and the leak emission points to avoid biases in emission rate estimates. The suction method could not be completed or applied at locations with widespread subsurface CH4 accumulation, or due to safety measures, and this sampling bias may be associated with a bias towards leak locations with low emission rates. The leak locations where the suction method could not be applied were the biggest emitters as confirmed by the emission rate quantifications using mobile and tracer methods and an engineering method based on leak’s diameter, pipeline overpressure and depth at which the pipeline is buried. The corresponding sampling bias for the suction technique led to a low bias in derived emission rates in this study. It is important that future studies using the suction method account for any leaks not quantifiable with this method in order to avoid biases, especially when used to inform emission inventories.

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Street-level methane emissions of Bucharest, Romania and the dominance of urban wastewater.

Cited by 20 publications

References 78 publications

New contributions of measurements in Europe to the global inventory of the stable isotopic composition of methane

New contributions of measurements in Europe to the global inventory of the stable isotopic composition of methane

Quantification of methane emissions in Hamburg using a network of FTIR spectrometers and an inverse modeling approach

Intercomparison of detection and quantification methods for methane emissions from the natural gas distribution network in Hamburg, Germany

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