Strength Capacity and Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering in Adolescents

Peterson, Mark D.; Saltarelli, William; Visich, Paul S.; Gordon, Paul M.

doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3169

Cited by 71 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…42,43 Notably, we found significant intervention effects for upper body muscular endurance and RT skill competency. The intervention activities were predominantly resistance-based and as such focused on developing muscular fitness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Smart-Phone Obesity Prevention Trial for Adolescent Boys in Low-Income Communities: The ATLAS RCT

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of the Active Teen Leaders Avoiding Screen-time (ATLAS) intervention for adolescent boys, an obesity prevention intervention using smartphone technology. METHODS: ATLAS was a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in 14 secondary schools in low-income communities in New South Wales, Australia. Participants were 361 adolescent boys (aged 12–14 years) considered at risk of obesity. The 20-week intervention was guided by self-determination theory and social cognitive theory and involved: teacher professional development, provision of fitness equipment to schools, face-to-face physical activity sessions, lunchtime student mentoring sessions, researcher-led seminars, a smartphone application and Web site, and parental strategies for reducing screen-time. Outcome measures included BMI and waist circumference, percent body fat, physical activity (accelerometers), screen-time, sugar-sweetened beverage intake, muscular fitness, and resistance training skill competency. RESULTS: Overall, there were no significant intervention effects for BMI, waist circumference, percent body fat, or physical activity. Significant intervention effects were found for screen-time (mean ± SE: –30 ± 10.08 min/d; P = .03), sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (mean: –0.6 ± 0.26 glass/d; P = .01), muscular fitness (mean: 0.9 ± 0.49 repetition; P = .04), and resistance training skills (mean: 5.7 ± 0.67 units; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: This school-based intervention targeting low-income adolescent boys did not result in significant effects on body composition, perhaps due to an insufficient activity dose. However, the intervention was successful in improving muscular fitness, movement skills, and key weight-related behaviors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Smart-Phone Obesity Prevention Trial for Adolescent Boys in Low-Income Communities: The ATLAS RCT

et al. 2014

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“…Nevertheless, in a study of more than 1 million adolescent boys, low muscular strength was a primary risk factor for major causes of death, such as cardiovascular diseases, and effect sizes were equivalent to those of established risk factors such as elevated BMI. 9 Moreover, we and others have shown a robust, independent association between low strength and cardiometabolic risk clustering among adolescents 10–13 —reiterating the need for improved clinical screening strategies across all ages. This is only feasible if population-based growth charts of strength are readily available to clinicians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Growth Charts for Muscular Strength Capacity With Quantile Regression

Peterson

Krishnan

2015

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction Muscle strength preservation may play an important role in protecting against cardiometabolic diseases, functional decline, musculoskeletal deterioration, and early all-cause mortality. However, sex-specific strength growth charts and curves using data from a U.S.-representative sample and clinically feasible measurement remain to be established. Methods A sample of 7,119 individuals, aged 6–80 years, was included from the 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Analyses were performed in 2015. Grip strength was assessed using a hydraulic handheld dynamometer; peak force values were normalized per body mass. Parametric quantile regression was used to determine unique normalized and absolute strength percentiles for men and women. Responses were fitted with a parametric model, involving six powers of age. Results Growth charts and curves were created using output from the quantile regression from reference values of normalized and absolute grip strength corresponding to the fifth, tenth, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, and 95th percentiles across all ages. For men, there was a small drop in normalized strength at age 6 years followed by quick growth until about age 25 years. Among women, normalized strength grew gradually until about age 15 years. For both men and women, normalized strength declined throughout middle age and later adulthood; however, these rates were greater among men. More-pronounced patterns of growth and decline were observed for absolute strength in men and women. Conclusions The established strength quantiles can easily be incorporated into a clinical setting for screening individuals that would benefit from lifestyle interventions to improve muscular fitness and reduce health risks.

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“…Two very recent studies from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) have demonstrated that greater adiposity [13] and chronic hyperglycemia [14] (i.e., two hallmark features of diabetes) are associated with persistently lower muscle quality and strength, respectively, and that these secondary consequences may be mediated by neurological factors such as neuropathy. We and others have shown an independent, inverse association between low strength and cardiometabolic risk clustering even among adolescents [15–17]-reiterating the need for early and improved clinical screening strategies across populations. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to examine the independent association between handgrip strength capacity and diabetes in a large, nationally-representative sample, and to explore potential age- and sex-specific thresholds of weakness, for optimal risk categorization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Muscle Weakness Thresholds for Prediction of Diabetes in Adults

et al. 2016

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Background Despite the known links between weakness and early mortality, what remains to be fully understood is the extent to which strength preservation is associated with protection from cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes. Purpose The purposes of this study were to determine the association between muscle strength and diabetes among adults, and to identify age- and sex-specific thresholds of low strength for detection of risk. Methods A population-representative sample of 4,066 individuals, aged 20–85 years, was included from the combined 2011–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey datasets. Strength was assessed using a hand-held dynamometer, and the single largest reading from either hand was normalized to body mass. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association between normalized grip strength and risk of diabetes, as determined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels (≥6.5% [≥48 mmol/mol]), while controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric measures, and television viewing time. Results For every 0.05 decrement in normalized strength, there was a 1.26 times increased adjusted odds for diabetes in men and women. Women were at lower odds of having diabetes (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.29–0.82), whereas age, waist circumference and lower income were inversely associated. Optimal sex- and age-specific weakness thresholds to detect diabetes were 0.56, 0.50, and 0.45 for men, and 0.42, 0.38, and 0.33 for women, for ages 20–39 years, 40–59 years, and 60–80 years. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance We present thresholds of strength that can be incorporated into a clinical setting for identifying adults that are at risk for developing diabetes, and that might benefit from lifestyle interventions to reduce risk.

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Strength Capacity and Cardiometabolic Risk Clustering in Adolescents

Cited by 71 publications

References 40 publications

Smart-Phone Obesity Prevention Trial for Adolescent Boys in Low-Income Communities: The ATLAS RCT

Smart-Phone Obesity Prevention Trial for Adolescent Boys in Low-Income Communities: The ATLAS RCT

Growth Charts for Muscular Strength Capacity With Quantile Regression

Muscle Weakness Thresholds for Prediction of Diabetes in Adults

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