Strength distributions of warm frozen clay and its stochastic damage constitutive model

Investigation on the Nonlinear Strength Properties and Damage Statistical Constitutive Model for Frozen Sandy Soils

“…From the volumetric strain-axial strain curves, it is indicated that the volume of specimen is compressed at first and then dilated under low confining pressures, while it is merely compressed under high confining pressures. e determination method of peak values of stress-strain curves can be obtained as follows: (a) when the stress-strain curves present strain softening, the maximum value of σ 1 − σ 3 is taken as the strength of frozen soil in this paper and (b) when the stress-strain curves present strain hardening, the value of σ 1 − σ 3 at axial strain ε a � 20% is taken as the strength of frozen soil [33]. e relationship between deviatoric stress q and mean stress p is depicted in Figure 2, which indicates that the strength increases first and then decreases with increasing mean stress p.…”

“…Based on phenomenological method, basic assumptions by Lai et al [33,39] are carried out for frozen soils. At first, on a macroscale, the soil specimen, regarded as a representative volume element (abbreviated as RVE), is isotropic and contains the basic information of damage, while it is a microheterogeneous material in the mesolevel.…”

“…Ren [32] carried out computed tomography (CT) tests to study breakage mechanism for frozen cracked rock from a mesoscopic point of view. Lai et al [33] and Li et al [34] proposed a new and an improved statistical damage constitutive model for warm frozen clay and warm ice-rich frozen clay based upon the experimental results and applied Mohr-Coulomb criterion to judge whether the frozen soil element is damaged or not. Xu et al [35] made an investigation on strength and deformation characteristics of ice-saturated frozen sandy soil and then proposed a nonlinear strength criterion and simultaneously employed an improved Duncan-Chang model to simulate the deformation properties.…”

A Study of Mechanical Property of Artificial Frozen Clay under Dynamic Load

“…Ohkubo et al [6] investigated the pore distribution of compacted clay by NMR. Lai et al [7] reported that the compressive strength of frozen clay linearly increased as temperature decreased and exponentially increased as the strain rate increased by studying the uniaxial compressive strength of saturated frozen clay at different strain rates and freezing temperatures. Li et al [8][9][10] made significant contributions to studies of frozen soil.…”

Viscoelastic–plastic creep constitutive model of frozen soil

“…4,5 Research on creep constitutive model of frozen soil has been conducted since the 1960s. Li et al 6 established a statistical constitutive model by using the continuum damage theory and introducing the Drucker-Prager criterion as its parameter of macroscopic element strength. Based on the results that have been obtained in earlier studies, the non-linear Newtonian element can be substituted for the linear one to improve the Nishihara model.…”