Strength, Jumping and Change of Direction Speed Asymmetries in Soccer, Basketball and Tennis Players

Šarabon, Nejc; Smajla, Darjan; Maffiuletti, Nicola A.; Bishop, Chris

doi:10.3390/sym12101664

Cited by 25 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…33 Our results of isometric knee strength measurements are similar to those of a study comparing female basketball and volleyball players 28 and a study examining different sports in both genders. 34 We did not detect significant differences in the values of flexion and extension PT of knee strength, unlike the study of Šarabon, Smajla, Maffiuletti, Bishop (2020) 35 which assessed male basketball, soccer and tennis players. The study reported significant differences between sports in both flexion and extension PT of the knee.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Comparison between gymnasts and non-gymnasts in isometric strength of the lower limbs

Čeklić

Šarabon

2021

Eur J Transl Myol

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Muscle asymmetries in gymnasts are common and can lead to injury. We aimed to determine differences in hip, knee, and ankle strength between female gymnasts and non-gymnasts, and secondly, to determine the effect of strength training intervention. Fifteen gymnasts (aged 11.19 ± 1.89 years) and 15 non-gymnasts (aged 10.92 ± 1.96 years) performed unilateral isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the hip (extensor, flexor, abductor, adductor, internal and external rotator), knee and ankle flexors and extensors on a dynamometer. Inter-limb asymmetries (ILAs) were compared across strength outcomes (MVC torque) and groups. ILAs was calculated based on the strength measurements. The gymnasts were retested after 8 weeks, during which the participants performed 5 weeks of regular training and 3 weeks of targeted strength training intervention. We found significant differences between groups in most observed hip strength parameters, but not in knee and ankle strength. The intervention did not significantly affect any parameter of ILAs. Gymnasts and non-gymnasts differ in hip strength parameters. A longer intervention program may decrease ILA parameters.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Comparison between gymnasts and non-gymnasts in isometric strength of the lower limbs

Čeklić

Šarabon

2021

Eur J Transl Myol

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“…CoD tests were performed indoor on a tartan floor. We used the procedures from previous studies, which showed good to excellent reliability (Rouissi et al, 2016;Šarabon et al, 2020). The time to complete the task was recorded laser timing gates (Brower Timing Systems, Draper, UT, USA), which were positioned as shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Change Of Direction Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral deficit in countermovement jump and its association with change of direction performance in basketball and tennis players

Kozinc

Šarabon

2021

Sports Biomechanics

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The purpose of this study was to assess the association between bilateral deficit (BLD) in countermovement jump and change of direction (CoD) performance. Therefore, 165 young basketball players (60 females) and 95 young tennis players (39 females) performed two different CoD tasks (90° and 180° turns) and bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps. BLD was calculated based on jump height, peak power and several phase-specific force impulses (FI). For male athletes, several statistically significant small to moderate associations were found between the CoD performance and BLD (r = 0.21-0.52). While the BLD in the propulsive phase FI seems to be most consistently associated with CoD performance, all associations were weak (r = 0.21-0.28 in basketball, 0.28-0.36 in tennis). Associations between BLD in total positive (braking and propulsive phase) FI and CoD performance were moderate (r = 0.45-0.52) in male tennis players. For female athletes, the associations were even smaller and almost exclusively statistically non-significant. Although indirectly, our results imply that resistance training based on unilateral exercises could be useful to improve CoD performance. It has to be stressed that further training studies are needed to directly confirm this assumption.

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“…The results indicate that the type of training regimes that are typical of each of our studied groups does not affect the RFD-SF/RFR-SF outcome measures. The differences were expected as one of the previous studies showed that knee extensor strength was greater in tennis players compared to basketball players ( Šarabon et al, 2020b ). However, this only refers to maximal capacity, whereas in the RFD-SF/RFR-SF protocol force production is evaluated at submaximal force production levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Despite a large number of studies on inter-limb (a)symmetries, little is known to date about their variation between different sports. Some prior studies have mainly assessed maximal capacities (e.g., maximal strength, power, and speed) ( Dos’Santos et al, 2018 ; Bishop et al, 2019a ; Šarabon et al, 2020b ). With the RFD-SF/RFR-SF protocol, we aim to assess rapid force production and relaxation across different ranges of submaximal intensities that are highly relevant to sports performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well acknowledged that adequate muscle relaxation is very important for efficient performance of quick muscle actions ( Kato et al, 2019 ). Moreover, there is clear evidence that strength, power, and speed abilities differ between sports due to specific demands ( Šarabon et al, 2020b ). However, there are no studies that have compared neuromuscular abilities at a submaximal level between sports and gender or assessed them from the perspective of inter-limb asymmetries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantification of Inter-Limb Symmetries With Rate of Force Development and Relaxation Scaling Factor

2021

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The inter-limb (a)symmetries have been most often assessed with the tests that quantify the maximal muscle capacity. However, the rapid force production and relaxation during submaximal tasks is equally important for successful sports performance. This can be evaluated with an established rate of force development and relaxation scaling factor (RFD-SF/RFR-SF). The aims of our study were (1) to assess the intra-session reliability of shortened RFD-SF/RFR-SF protocol and its absolute and symmetry outcome measures, (2) to compare the main absolute RFD-SF/RFR-SF outcome measures (slopes of RFD-SF and RFR-SF: kRTD–SF and kRFR–SF, theoretical peak RFD/RFR: TPRFD and TPRFR) across gender and sports groups, and (3) to compare inter-limb symmetries across gender and sports groups for main outcome measures (kRFD–SF, kRFR–SF, TPRFD, and TPRFR). A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of young health participants (basketball and tennis players, and students): 30 in the reliability study and 248 in the comparison study. Our results showed good to excellent relative and excellent absolute reliability for the selected absolute and symmetry outcome measures (kRFD–SF, kRFR–SF, TPRFD, and TPRFR). We found significantly higher absolute values for kRFD–SF and TPRFD in males compared to females for the preferred (kRFD–SF: 9.1 ± 0.9 vs. 8.6 ± 0.9/s) and the non-preferred leg (kRFD–SF: 9.1 ± 0.9 vs. 8.5 ± 0.8/s), while there was no effect of sport. Significantly lower symmetry values for kRFR–SF (88.4 ± 8.6 vs. 90.4 ± 8.0%) and TPRFR (90.9 ± 6.8 vs. 92.5 ± 6.0%) were found in males compared to females. Moreover, tennis players had significantly higher symmetry values for kRFR–SF (91.1 ± 7.7%) and TPRFR (93.1 ± 6.0%) compared to basketball players (kRFR–SF: 88.4 ± 8.7% and TPRFR: 90.9 ± 6.7%) and students (kRFR–SF: 87.6 ± 8.7% and TPRFR: 90.5 ± 6.7%). Our results suggest that the reduced RFD-SF/RFR-SF protocol is a valuable and useful tool for inter-limb (a)symmetry evaluation. Differences in symmetry values in kRFR–SF and TPRFR (relaxation phase) were found between different sports groups. These may be explained by different mechanisms underlying the muscle contraction and relaxation. We suggest that muscle contraction and relaxation should be assessed for in-depth inter-limb symmetry investigation.

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Strength, Jumping and Change of Direction Speed Asymmetries in Soccer, Basketball and Tennis Players

Cited by 25 publications

References 33 publications

Comparison between gymnasts and non-gymnasts in isometric strength of the lower limbs

Comparison between gymnasts and non-gymnasts in isometric strength of the lower limbs

Bilateral deficit in countermovement jump and its association with change of direction performance in basketball and tennis players

Quantification of Inter-Limb Symmetries With Rate of Force Development and Relaxation Scaling Factor

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