Strength properties of the human aorta and their variation with age

Khamin, N. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00857286

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…The tensile breaking load was found to increase with age, but this appears to be primarily a structural phenomenon related to the increase in size with age. Khamin reported significant decreases with aging (after age 11 years) in the ultimate tensile stress of the aortic wall [166]. Interestingly, Yamada and Khamin separately tested the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of aorta, and as shown in Table 22.13 showed dramatic differences in results.…”

Section: Vascular and Cardiac Tissuementioning

confidence: 96%

Pediatric Biomechanics

Arbogast¹,

Maltese²

2014

Accidental Injury

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During the human postnatal developmental process, extensive tissue and morphological changes occur. Many take place in the first few years of life but substantial development for several body regions continues well into young adulthood. Along with overall change in size, these material and structural changes influence the biomechanical response of child such that they respond differently to traumatic load than an adult. Understanding the unique biomechanical response of the child is challenging, as compared to the wealth of biomechanical data on the adult response to trauma, pediatric biomechanical data are relatively sparse. As a result, quantitative scaling relationships based on anatomical and material differences have been historically used to understand the biomechanics of the child. The last decade, however, has seen a tremendous increase in contributions to the biomechanics literature based upon pediatric subjects -volunteers, postmortem human subjects, and animal models -thus increasing our knowledge of how to design injury mitigation systems to protect the young.In this chapter, aspects of developmental anatomy and biomechanical knowledge are reviewed to provide context for pediatric human injury prediction. Emphasis is initially placed on the head and brain as this body region represents the most common seriously injured body region for children in virtually all unintentional injury modes. Specifically, head injuries are particularly relevant clinically as the developing brain is difficult to evaluate and treat, and even mild brain injuries in childhood can lead to deficits that remain long after the injury. Discussion follows on the cervical spine and thorax as these body regions are not only important from an injury mitigation standpoint but they govern the kinematics of the head during traumatic loading and therefore play a role in head injury protection. A brief description follows for the other body regions: the abdomen

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Section: Vascular and Cardiac Tissuementioning

confidence: 96%

Pediatric Biomechanics

Arbogast¹,

Maltese²

2014

Accidental Injury

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The strength properties of the human iliac and carotid arteries and their changes with age

Khamin¹

1979

Polymer Mechanics

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Pediatric Material Properties: A Review of Human Child and Animal Surrogates

Franklyn

Peiris

Huber

et al. 2007

Crit Rev Biomed Eng

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Because pediatric tissue is difficult for researchers to obtain, the biomechanical responses of adult humans have been studied much more extensively than those of children. Piglets, chimpanzees, and other animals have been used as child surrogates, but the tissue properties and responses to impact forces obtained from these animals may not directly correlate with the human child, and this correlation is not well understood. Consequently, only a handful of human pediatric tissue properties are known. Child anthropomorphic test devices employed in automotive safety have been developed largely by scaling data obtained from adult human cadaveric tests, where various scaling methods have been used to account for differences in geometry, material properties, or a combination of these two parameters. Similar scaling techniques have also been implemented to develop injury assessment reference values for child anthropomorphic test devices. Nevertheless, these scaling techniques have not yet proven to be accurate, in part because of the lack of pediatric data. In this review, the properties of pediatric human and animal surrogate tissue that have been mechanically tested are evaluated. It was found that most of the pediatric tissue that has previously been tested pertains to the head, neck, cervical spine, and extremities. It is evident that some body regions, such as the head and neck, have been tested to some extent since injuries to these regions are critical from an injury perspective. On the other hand, there is limited pediatric data available for the thorax, abdomen, thoracic and lumbar spines and fetal-related tissue. This review presents the pediatric data available in the literature and highlights the body regions where further testing is needed.

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Strength properties of the human aorta and their variation with age

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Pediatric Biomechanics

Pediatric Biomechanics

The strength properties of the human iliac and carotid arteries and their changes with age

Pediatric Material Properties: A Review of Human Child and Animal Surrogates

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