Strengthen flame retardancy of epoxy thermoset by montmorillonite particles adhering phosphorus‐containing fragments

Liu, Zhen; Qiu, Yong; Qian, Lijun; Chen, Yajun; Xu, Bo

doi:10.1002/app.47500

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…17,18,63,64 In the next plan, we will design and synthesize HAPO to combine with inorganic flame retardants to form a synergistic system, hoping to achieve a flame-retardant effect similar to that of PDOP. 65,66…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Lin

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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In this work, a halogen-free intumescent combining phosphorus and nitrogen, flame-retardant 2-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(phenylamino)methyl5,5-dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphinane 2-oxide (HAPO) was successfully synthesized. It had been synthesized by reaction of 5,5-dimethyl-1,3, 2-dioxphosphinane 2-oxide with Schiff base. Its chemical structure was characterized in detail by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR spectrum. The flame-retardant polyurethanes were prepared with different loadings of HAPO. The thermal properties, flame retardancy and combustion behavior of the pure polyurethane foam thermosets were investigated by a series of measurements involving thermogravimetric analysis, limited oxygen index measurement, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimeter test. The results of the aforementioned tests indicated that HAPO can significantly improve the flame retardancy as well as smoke inhibition performance of polyurethane foam. Compared with the PU-Neat, the limited oxygen index of flame-retardant polyurethanes (15%) thermoset was increased from 19.5% to 23.8% and its UL-94 reached V-0 rating. In addition, the cone test results showed that the heat release rate, total heat release, rate of smoke release, and total smoke production of flame-retardant polyurethanes (10%) were decreased obvious sly. The apparent morphology of carbon residue was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and results revealed that the modified polyurethane foam can form dense carbon layer after combustion. Thermogravimetric analysis results also indicated that the char amount of flame-retardant polyurethanes was obviously increased compared with PU-Neat. Based on the above analysis, we can draw the conclusions which in the condensed phase, phosphorus-based acids from the degradation of HAPO, this could promote the formation of continuous and dense phosphorus-rich carbon layer. In the gas phase, the flame-retardant mechanism was ascribed to the quenching effect of phosphorus-based radicals and diluting effect by non-flammable gases.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Lin

Zhao

Fan

et al. 2020

Journal of Fire Sciences

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“…In this article, we reported two crosslinked Salen-PZNs to enhance the fire resistance of EP. [14][15][16][17] The Salen-PZNs with different morphologies (Salen-PZN-1 microspheres and layered Salen-PZN-2) were prepared in acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran (THF), respectively, and their flame retardancy was evaluated. The structure and morphology of Salen-PZNs were characterized, and the mechanism of their action was analyzed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross‐linked Salen‐based polyphosphazenes (Salen‐PZNs) enhancing the fire resistance of epoxy resin composites

Zhang

Cui

Wang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, two cross-linked Salen-based polyphosphazenes (Salen-PZNs: Salen-PZN-1 microspheres and layered Salen-PZN-2), which contains Salen-Schiff base and phosphazene components, were synthesized. The results showed that the peak heat release rate and total smoke production of 3% Salen-PZN-1/epoxy resin (EP) (3 wt% addition) were reduced by 23.8% and 87.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, after introducing the layered Salen-PZN-2 into EP, efficient flame resistance was obtained. The results of thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry proved that the harmful gasses of 5% Salen-PZN-1/EP composites were reduced during the combustion. The possible flame retardancy mechanism was considered to be the synergy of phosphate group catalysis, release of nitrogen-containing noncombustible gasses and gas phase quenching. Therefore, this work provides a method for preparing polymers with highly efficient flame-retardant properties.

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“…Therefore, OMMT has also a great effect on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression. [22][23][24][25][26] The thermal stability and char-forming rate of the flame-retardant composites combined with nano-OMMT have been greatly improved. EG is also an effective flame retardant coagent, which has the advantages of low price, nontoxicity, and low smoke, and has become a hotspot in the research field of expansive flame retardant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/polypropylene composites filled with intumescent flame retardant and inorganic synergists

Chen

Zhou

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Three kinds of inorganic particles, zinc borate (ZB), organic montmorillonite (OMMT), and expanded graphite (EG) as synergistic flame retardants, are incorporated into ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/polypropylene (EPDM/PP) composites filled with intumescent flame retardants (IFR). The effect of three synergistic flame retardants on the combustion, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of the EPDM/PP/IFR composites are investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, cone calorimeter test (CCT), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy, mechanical property testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The results from LOI, UL-94, and CCT show that the synergistic effect of IFR with ZB and EG is better than IFR with OMMT in the flame retardant EPDM/PP/IFR composites. The TGA results indicate that the thermal stability and char residues of the composites is improved with the addition of inorganic particles, which is attributed to the formation of dense char layers to isolate heat flow. DMA results including storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), and loss factor (tan δ) suggest that the composites with inorganic particles exhibit more rubber-filler interaction, which limits the movement of the rubber chains. K E Y W O R D S ethylene-propylene-diene monomer, inorganic particles, intumescent flame retardant, polypropylene Ying Zhou co-first author and contributed equally to this study.

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Strengthen flame retardancy of epoxy thermoset by montmorillonite particles adhering phosphorus‐containing fragments

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Flame retardancy and thermal properties of rigid polyurethane foam conjugated with a phosphorus–nitrogen halogen-free intumescent flame retardant

Cross‐linked Salen‐based polyphosphazenes (Salen‐PZNs) enhancing the fire resistance of epoxy resin composites

Flammability, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer/polypropylene composites filled with intumescent flame retardant and inorganic synergists

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