Strengthening the Case for Cluster Set Resistance Training in Aged and Clinical Settings: Emerging Evidence, Proposed Benefits and Suggestions

Latella, Christopher; Peddle-McIntyre, Carolyn J.; Marcotte, Lauren; Steele, James; Kendall, Kristina L.; Fairman, Ciaran M.

doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01455-4

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…If participants are unable to complete the resistance exercise set with continuous repetitions, an intra-set rest (“cluster” set) may be provided. This method produces comparable results to completing the set using traditional set structures (i.e., completing the prescribed repetition range in a set without rest) in healthy and clinical cohorts ( 133 , 134 ).…”

Section: Study Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise Intolerance, Benefits, and Prescription for People Living With a Fontan Circulation: The Fontan Fitness Intervention Trial (F-FIT)—Rationale and Design

et al. 2022

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Background: Despite developments in surgical techniques and medical care, people with a Fontan circulation still experience long-term complications; non-invasive therapies to optimize the circulation have not been established. Exercise intolerance affects the majority of the population and is associated with worse prognosis. Historically, people living with a Fontan circulation were advised to avoid physical activity, but a small number of heterogenous, predominantly uncontrolled studies have shown that exercise training is safe—and for unique reasons, may even be of heightened importance in the setting of Fontan physiology. The mechanisms underlying improvements in aerobic exercise capacity and the effects of exercise training on circulatory and end-organ function remain incompletely understood. Furthermore, the optimal methods of exercise prescription are poorly characterized. This highlights the need for large, well-designed, multi-center, randomized, controlled trials.Aims and Methods: The Fontan Fitness Intervention Trial (F-FIT)—a phase III clinical trial—aims to optimize exercise prescription and delivery in people with a Fontan circulation. In this multi-center, randomized, controlled study, eligible Fontan participants will be randomized to either a 4-month supervised aerobic and resistance exercise training program of moderate-to-vigorous intensity followed by an 8-month maintenance phase; or usual care (control group). Adolescent and adult (≥16 years) Fontan participants will be randomized to either traditional face-to-face exercise training, telehealth exercise training, or usual care in a three-arm trial with an allocation of 2:2:1 (traditional:telehealth:control). Children (<16 years) will be randomized to either a physical activity and exercise program of moderate-to-vigorous intensity or usual care in a two-arm trial with a 1:1 allocation. The primary outcome is a change in aerobic exercise capacity (peak oxygen uptake) at 4-months. Secondary outcomes include safety, and changes in cardiopulmonary exercise testing measures, peripheral venous pressure, respiratory muscle and lung function, body composition, liver stiffness, neuropsychological and neurocognitive function, physical activity levels, dietary and nutritional status, vascular function, neurohormonal activation, metabolites, cardiac function, quality of life, musculoskeletal fitness, and health care utilization. Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, 4-months, and 12-months. This manuscript will describe the pathophysiology of exercise intolerance in the Fontan circulation and the rationale and protocol for the F-FIT.

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Section: Study Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Exercise Intolerance, Benefits, and Prescription for People Living With a Fontan Circulation: The Fontan Fitness Intervention Trial (F-FIT)—Rationale and Design

et al. 2022

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“…A potential strategy to maintain training volume (sets × repetitions) and load (e.g., %1RM) but overt significant increases in IOP is to include short periods of rest between groups of repetitions. This technique is referred to as intraset recovery (ISR) and when used during resistance training has been shown to lower hemodynamic response (27), hence also likely to attenuate IOP during RE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The database search yielded 2,180 potential studies (after duplicates removed), and following the screening, a total of 34 studies met the eligibility criteria (2)(3)(4)(5)7,10,12,(14)(15)(16)(17)21,26,27,33,36,47,50,54,55,56,(59)(60)(61)(62)(63)(64)(65)(66)(67)(68)(69)71,72). The literature search results are presented in Figure 1.…”

Section: Selection Of Studies and Subject Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

Hackett,

Li,

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Hackett, DA, Li, J, Wang, B, Way, KL, Cross, T, and Tran, DL. Acute effects of resistance exercise on intraocular pressure in healthy adults: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2023—Intraocular pressure (IOP) tends to fluctuate during a resistance exercise (RE). This systematic review examines the acute effects of RE on IOP in healthy adults and factors that influence changes in IOP. Five electronic databases were searched using terms related to RE and IOP. A strict inclusion criterion was applied, which included being 55 years or younger with no medical conditions and RE intensity needing to be quantifiable (e.g., based on a maximal effort). Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. Isometric and isotonic contractions produced similar changes in IOP during RE up to 28.7 mm Hg. Exercises that involved larger muscle mass, such as squats and leg press, were found to produce changes in IOP during exercise ranging from 3.1 to 28.7 mm Hg. Smaller changes in IOP during RE were found for exercises engaging less muscle mass (e.g., handgrip and bicep curls). Intraocular pressure was found to increase during RE when lifting heavier loads and with longer exercise durations (e.g., greater repetitions). The Valsalva maneuver (VM) and breath-hold during RE accentuated the change in IOP, with more extreme changes observed with the VM. However, most studies showed that postexercise IOP returned to baseline after approximately 1 minute of recovery. An acute increase in IOP is observed during RE in healthy adults with fluctuations of varying magnitude. Factors that independently increase IOP during RE include exercises involving larger muscle mass, heavy loads, greater set duration, and when the VM or breath-hold is performed.

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“…A common strategy to control acutely developing fatigue is to provide the athlete with rest between repetitions [29]. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that the CS method is an effective method for providing speed and power adaptations against a specific load [14,17,30,31,32]. Acutely, such a method allows the athlete to have consistently higher power outputs while subjecting to less metabolic stress and fatigue [29,33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of triphasic training model combined with two different cluster sets on vertical jump and reactive strength index

KAYA

Pınar

2022

PES

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Background and Study Aim: This study aims to examine the effects of the Triphasic Training Model (TTM) applied with different set designs (15-30 sec intra-set) on reactive strength index (RSI) and vertical jump values. Material and Methods:. Sixteen male athletes over 18 with at least three years of strength training experience (2 days a week) actively engaged in sports participated in the study. The study group was divided into two groups by calculating the relative strengths. The 15-second cluster set (C15) group exercises were performed with 15 seconds of rest between repetitions, and the 30-second cluster-set (C30) group practiced the exercises with 30 seconds of rest between repetitions. The triphasic training model was applied to all study groups for six weeks. Countermovement jump (CMJ) and drop jump tests were performed on the athletes before and after the training. Optojump brand photocell system was used for CMJ and RSI tests. For the RSI test, the desk height was determined as 40cm. Kolmogorov-Smirnov values were examined to assess the homogeneity of the data. To compare the means between groups, ANOVA was used for Repeated Measures, and a t-test was used to compare the pretest-posttest mean of the groups. The statistical significance level was determined as p<0.05. Results: After triphasic training, CMJ and RSI values of both C15 and C30 groups increased (p<0.05). When the within-group pretest-posttest values were examined, it was seen that the C30 group showed more improvement than the C15 group. Conclusions: As a result, it was seen that the triphasic training model applied twice a week for six weeks improved the CMJ and RSI values of the athletes, and it was more effective to use C30 instead of C15 in the use of cluster sets.

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Strengthening the Case for Cluster Set Resistance Training in Aged and Clinical Settings: Emerging Evidence, Proposed Benefits and Suggestions

Cited by 14 publications

References 183 publications

Exercise Intolerance, Benefits, and Prescription for People Living With a Fontan Circulation: The Fontan Fitness Intervention Trial (F-FIT)—Rationale and Design

Exercise Intolerance, Benefits, and Prescription for People Living With a Fontan Circulation: The Fontan Fitness Intervention Trial (F-FIT)—Rationale and Design

Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

Effects of triphasic training model combined with two different cluster sets on vertical jump and reactive strength index

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