Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection in COVID-19: A Series of Three Cases

Pal, Chaitanya; Przydzial, Paulina; Chika-Nwosuh, Ogechukwu; Shah, Shrey; Patel, Pratik; Madan, Nikhil

doi:10.1155/2020/8849068

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Streptococcus pneumoniae has long been known to cause community acquired pneumonia in populations of all age groups, elderly people are, however, more susceptible. It is known to show the worst prognosis in patients with a history of smoking or presence of comorbidities as asthma or COPD, same as is the case with SARS-CoV-2 (Pal et al, 2020). Interestingly, the majority of identified bacterial species in the respiratory microbiome of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients belonged to the category of anaerobic bacteria lending credibility to the hypothesis of Happy Hypoxia in COVID-19 (Figure 9) (Dhont et al, 2020;González-Duarte and Norcliffe-Kaufmann, 2020).…”

Section: (Supplementary Table 1)supporting

confidence: 53%

Respiratory Co-Infections: Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Patients’ Clinical Sub-Phenotype

et al. 2021

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Co-infection with ancillary pathogens is a significant modulator of morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases. There have been limited reports of co-infections accompanying SARS-CoV-2 infections, albeit lacking India specific study. The present study has made an effort toward elucidating the prevalence, diversity and characterization of co-infecting respiratory pathogens in the nasopharyngeal tract of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Two complementary metagenomics based sequencing approaches, Respiratory Virus Oligo Panel (RVOP) and Holo-seq, were utilized for unbiased detection of co-infecting viruses and bacteria. The limited SARS-CoV-2 clade diversity along with differential clinical phenotype seems to be partially explained by the observed spectrum of co-infections. We found a total of 43 bacteria and 29 viruses amongst the patients, with 18 viruses commonly captured by both the approaches. In addition to SARS-CoV-2, Human Mastadenovirus, known to cause respiratory distress, was present in a majority of the samples. We also found significant differences of bacterial reads based on clinical phenotype. Of all the bacterial species identified, ∼60% have been known to be involved in respiratory distress. Among the co-pathogens present in our sample cohort, anaerobic bacteria accounted for a preponderance of bacterial diversity with possible role in respiratory distress. Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus cereus and Halomonas sp. are anaerobes found abundantly across the samples. Our findings highlight the significance of metagenomics based diagnosis and detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory co-infections in the current pandemic to enable efficient treatment administration and better clinical management. To our knowledge this is the first study from India with a focus on the role of co-infections in SARS-CoV-2 clinical sub-phenotype.

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Section: (Supplementary Table 1)supporting

confidence: 53%

Respiratory Co-Infections: Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Patients’ Clinical Sub-Phenotype

et al. 2021

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“…Pneumococcal pneumonia may lead to bacteremia and secondary complications such as endocarditis, meningitis, and arthritis, especially in patients with certain medical conditions and risks for invasive pneumococcal infections, such as advanced or very young age, immunosuppression induced by HIV infection, renal and liver diseases, asplenia, and hematological malignancies. Invasive pneumococcal disease associated with COVID-19 has been previously reported ( 33 ). Haemophilus influenzae type b, one of the coinfecting pathogens in the present study, may also cause bacteremia and acute bacterial meningitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Coinfections with Other Respiratory Pathogens among Patients with COVID-19

et al. 2021

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Coinfections in COVID-19 patients may worsen disease outcomes and need further investigation. We found that a higher proportion of patients with COVID-19 were coinfected with one or more additional pathogens. A better understanding of the prevalence of coinfection with other respiratory pathogens in COVID-19 patients and the profile of pathogens can contribute to effective patient management and antibiotic stewardship during the current pandemic.

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“…Bacterial co-infections are common with respiratory viral pathogens [ 26 ]. In fact, in the previous influenza pandemics, Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most isolated bacterial pathogen causing increased mortality in patients (22).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solid waste motor tricycle operators in Kumasi, Ghana, harbour respiratory pathogens; a public health threat

et al. 2023

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Background The use of motor tricycles in transporting municipal solid waste (MSW) within urban and peri-urban towns in Ghana is on the increase. This activity often leads to the introduction of pathogen-containing bioaerosols into the environment, as well as to the tricycle operators. We sought to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of respiratory pathogens among solid waste tricycle operators. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 155 solid waste transporters who use motor tricycles using semi-structured interviews. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from participants and screened for respiratory pathogens using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results Pathogens detected in participants were SARS-CoV-2 (n = 10, 6.5%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 10, 6.5%), constituting an overall prevalence of 12.9% and co-infection rate of 1.3%. The most common self-reported symptoms were cough (n = 67, 43.2%), sore throat (n = 44, 28.4%) and difficulty in breathing (n = 22, 14.2%). Adherence to the use of gloves (n = 117, 75.5%) and nose mask (n = 110, 71.0%) was high. There was a significant association between the detection of respiratory pathogens and the use of gloves, use of more than one PPE and exposure to other pollutants (p < 0.05). Individuals who were exposed to “other pollutants” significantly had lower odds of becoming infected with respiratory pathogens (Adj. OR (95% CI): 0.119(0.015,0.938). Conclusion Although prevalence of respiratory pathogens is generally low, strict adherence to PPE use could further reduce its rates to even lower levels. Governmental health institutions and informal solid waste transporters should address challenges related to exposure to pollutants, use of gloves, and multiple PPE.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae Coinfection in COVID-19: A Series of Three Cases

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Respiratory Co-Infections: Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Patients’ Clinical Sub-Phenotype

Respiratory Co-Infections: Modulators of SARS-CoV-2 Patients’ Clinical Sub-Phenotype

Coinfections with Other Respiratory Pathogens among Patients with COVID-19

Solid waste motor tricycle operators in Kumasi, Ghana, harbour respiratory pathogens; a public health threat

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