Streptococcus Viridans Bacteremia Following Extraction of Teeth

Palmer, H. D.; Kempf, Myrna

doi:10.1001/jama.1939.02800450010003

Cited by 45 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The reason then that the viridans streptococci are so often associated with bacterial endocarditis may be due entirely to the fact that these organisms are so widely prevalent in the mouth. The ease with which they can invade the blood stream has been amply demonstrated by several investigators (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). A presumptive causal relationship between the teeth as a precedent focus of infection and subacute bacterial endocarditis has gained emphasis in recent years (13,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ease with which they can invade the blood stream has been amply demonstrated by several investigators (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). A presumptive causal relationship between the teeth as a precedent focus of infection and subacute bacterial endocarditis has gained emphasis in recent years (13,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Instances have been cited of from one to as many as thirteen cases in which subacute bacterial endocarditis seemed to follow in almost direct relationship within a few days or weeks after dental extraction in septic mouths in individuals with precedent cardiac abnorma]ity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Serological Classification of Viridans Streptococci With Special Reference to Those Isolated From Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Solowey

1942

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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A total of 108 strains of viridans streptococci from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and 99 strains from human throats and extracted teeth have been studied, and approximately two-thirds of all the strains so far have been differentiated into a number of serological groups. The similarity between strains from these sources is evident from the fact that approximately 50 per cent of the reacting strains from each source fall into two groups I and II, and that three groups I, II, and IV, contain streptococci from both sources in approximately the same distribution. Fifteen vaginal strains of viridians streptococci failed, with the exception of one strain, to react with groups I–IV of the endocarditis serums. More than three-fourths of the strains from both sources were Streptococcus salivarius as determined by Sherman's criteria. However, no correlation between the biochemical and serological classification could be made. It may be concluded that the viridans streptococci are amenable to classification by serological methods. The results so far obtained do not indicate a serological difference between strains of viridans streptococci isolated from subacute bacterial endocarditis, and those isolated from human throats and extracted teeth. The greater definitive value of serological methods in the identification of a particular strain is indicated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Serological Classification of Viridans Streptococci With Special Reference to Those Isolated From Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Solowey

1942

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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“…Consequently, numerous studies have been performed to estimate the type, frequency, and magnitude of postsurgical bacteremia (for a review, see reference 1). The incidence of dental bacteremia reported in different studies has ranged from 17 (10) to 93.4% (2) after multiple extractions, and the incidence of bacteremia after tonsillectomy has ranged from 28 (4) to 38% (11). The interpretation of the results from available studies concerning different oral procedures is complicated since patient selection procedures, inclusion criteria, and especially, the microbiological techniques used are not comparable.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detection and quantitation by lysis-filtration of bacteremia after different oral surgical procedures

et al. 1990

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Patients with bacteremia after dental extraction, third-molar surgery, dental scaling, endodontic treatment, and bilateral tonsillectomy were studied by means of lysis-filtration of blood samples with subsequent aerobic and anaerobic incubation. Samples were obtained before, during, and 10 min after treatment. Bacteremia was observed in 100% of patients after dental extraction, 55% of patients after third-molar surgery, 70% of patients after dental scaling, 20% of patients after endodontic treatment, and 55% of patients after bilateral tonsillectomy. Anaerobic microorganisms were isolated more frequently than aerobic microorganisms were, and viridans group streptococci were the most commonly isolated bacteria. Ten minutes after treatment, the frequency as weli as the magnitude of bacteremia showed pronounced reduction.

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“…In those days Streptococcus spp. were the isolates most commonly found in association with tooth extraction 33 . Similar bacteria genera were isolated in this study, facultative anaerobes being the most frequently isolated bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Occurrence of bacteraemia following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Osaiyuwu¹

2021

Afr H. Sci.

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Study Design: A prospective study of 130 patients attending the Government Dental and Maxillofacial Hospital (now Maxillofacial unit, Rivers State University Teaching Hospital), Port Harcourt, between August 2018 and September 2019. Objective: To examine the factors that affect the occurrence of a bacteremia associated with oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures, and the types of bacteria causing this bacteremia, and establish the need or otherwise for prophylactic antibiotics in, ‘at risk’ patients. Methods: 130 healthy adult patients requiring various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures under local anesthesia using 2% lidocaine with 1: 100,000 adrenaline, were screened bacteriologically to determine the occurrence of a bacteremia. 5 milliliters of venous blood was collected from the antecubital vein of each patient preoperatively and within 3 minutes postoperatively. The samples collected were cultured and bacteriological identification done and analyzed. Results: Bacteremia was found in 43 (33.1%) of 130 patients postoperatively. In patients undergoing extractions, bacteremia occurred more frequently when teeth were extracted due to inflammatory dental diseases. There was no statistical correlation between the occurrence of a bacteremia and the number of teeth extracted (p>0.05). Of the 70 isolates obtained postoperatively, 5 (6.4%) were aerobes, 51 (65.4%) were facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles) and 14 (17.9%) were anaerobes. Among the facultative anaerobes (including microaerophiles), the most frequently isolated bacteria generawere species of Staphylococcus (25.7%), Streptococcus spp. (17.1%) and Streptococcus viridans (15.7%) and among the anaerobes, Bacteriodes spp. (8.6%) were the most frequently isolated. All the isolates were sensitive to azithromycin, amikacin, imipenemand meropenem. However, 3 (30%) of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, which is a commonly used drug for antimicrobial prophylaxis. Conclusion: This study shows the occurrence of bacteremia in Nigerians following various oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures and that the observed bacteremia was not dependent on the patient’s age or gender. This study emphasizes the need for antibiotic prophylaxis in those patients who are at risk of developing complications from bacteremia. Amoxicillin as this study shows will not be an effective antibiotic prophylactic agent in a majority of patients. The author therefore recommends the use of azithromycin as an alternative prophylactic agent in those patients. Keywords: Bacteremia; bacteria isolates; antimicrobial prophylaxis; Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

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Streptococcus Viridans Bacteremia Following Extraction of Teeth

Cited by 45 publications

References 8 publications

A Serological Classification of Viridans Streptococci With Special Reference to Those Isolated From Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

A Serological Classification of Viridans Streptococci With Special Reference to Those Isolated From Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Detection and quantitation by lysis-filtration of bacteremia after different oral surgical procedures

Occurrence of bacteraemia following oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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