Streptomycin Sulfate–Loaded Niosomes Enables Increased Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities

Abstract

One of the antibiotics used to treat infections is streptomycin sulfate that inhibits both Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Nanoparticles are suitable carriers for the direct delivery and release of drug agents to infected locations. Niosomes are one of the new drug delivery systems that have received much attention today due to their excellent biofilm penetration property and controlled release. In this study, niosomes containing streptomycin sulfate were prepared by using the thin layer hydration method and optimized based on the size, polydispersity index (PDI), and encapsulation efficiency (EE%) characteristics. It was found that the Span 60-to-Tween 60 ratio of 1.5 and the surfactant-to-cholesterol ratio of 1.02 led to an optimum formulation with a minimum of size, low PDI, and maximum of EE of 97.8 nm, 0.27, and 86.7%, respectively. The drug release investigation showed that 50.0 ± 1.2% of streptomycin sulfate was released from the niosome in 24 h and reached 66.4 ± 1.3% by the end of 72 h. Two-month stability studies at 25° and 4°C showed more acceptable stability of samples kept at 4°C. Consequently, antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of streptomycin sulfate–loaded niosomes against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found significantly higher than those of free drug, and the minimum inhibitory concentration values decreased 4- to 8-fold. Furthermore, niosome-encapsulated streptomycin up to 1,500 μg/ml exhibited negligible cytotoxicity against the human foreskin fibroblasts cell line, whereas the free drug exhibited slight cytotoxicity at this concentration. Desired physical characteristics and low toxicity of niosomal nano-carriers containing streptomycin sulfate made them a demanded candidate for the treatment of current bacterial infections and biofilms.

Niosomes-loaded selenium nanoparticles as a new approach for enhanced antibacterial, anti-biofilm, and anticancer activities

“…Mansouri et al studied the antimicrobial effects of niosomes loaded streptomycin against some pathogenic strains. The results of this study showed that niosomes containing streptomycin can reduce MIC value by 4-8 times, which indicated the significant effects of niosomes containing streptomycin 43 . Hedayati et al encapsulated tobramycin in niosomes and studied its antimicrobial effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains.…”

The effect of niosome preparation methods in encapsulating 5-fluorouracil and real time cell assay against HCT-116 colon cancer cell line

“…Previous researchers have reported on the same trend [ 33 , 34 , 35 ]. As the surfactant chain length extends, drug release can last longer because the transfer temperature can influence the surfactants and make them totally fluid, allowing for increased drug penetration at 37 °C [ 2 ]. In general, the in vitro release profile showed sustained release of medicines from the niosomes.…”

“…Novel drug delivery systems have the advantage of delivering drug molecules to sites of action thereby eliciting optimal response. They can act as drug reservoirs, modify drug release and help to minimize adverse effects of drugs by reducing off-target activity [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Oral route is the most preferred route for administration of therapeutic agents because of the ease of handling and patient compliance to treatment.…”

Fabrication and Characterization of Thymol‐Loaded Chitosan Nanogels: Improved Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Activities with Negligible Cytotoxicity

“…[4] MDR pathogenic bacteria use alternative strategies to become resistant to different classes of antimicrobial agents, one of which is biofilm production. [5] Biofilms are a community of bacterial cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix that can adhere tightly to medical surfaces and prevent antibiotics from entering microbial cells. [6] In addition, biofilms also play an important role in pathogenesis via immune system escape and inhibition of drug entry into microbial cells.…”