Stress adaptation of Listeria monocytogenes in acidic ready-to-eat products

A novel role for the glutamate decarboxylase system in Listeria monocytogenes; protection against oxidative stress

“…The targeted inhibition of the GAD system, as a way to make L. monocytogenes more sensitive to acid stress has been recently exploited as a promising tool to eliminate this pathogen (Paudyal et al, 2018;Paudyal and Karatzas, 2016) and similar steps could be taken in hurdle technology using oxidative stress. Furthermore, additional work should be carried out in other microorganisms that possess the GAD system, to identify if GAD system affects oxidative stress resistance.…”

“…In order to cope with acid challenge, bacteria employ a variety of strategies. One of best characterized acid resistance mechanisms is the glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) system (Cotter et al, 2001;Feehily and Karatzas, 2013), which is present in all kingdoms of life (Paudyal and Karatzas, 2016), and presents a wide variety of functions in different organisms (Feehily and Karatzas, 2013). Although the system is a major part of the nervous system of animals, and a defence mechanism to stress such as anoxic conditions in plants, in a wide variety of microorganisms including fungi and bacteria such as L. monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Francisella tularensis, it is a major acid resistance mechanism (Karatzas et al, 2012;Ramond et al, 2014;Smith et al, 1992).…”

Ultrasound processing of liquid system(s) and its antimicrobial mechanism of action

“…The GAD system is known to play an important role in acid tolerance of bacteria (Smith et al . ; Feehily and Karatzas ; Paudyal and Karatzas ) but it has been shown to play a role in oxidative stress only in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Coleman et al . ) and Francisella tularensis (Ramond et al .…”

A Comprehensive Review on the Economic Status of the Global Convenience Food Industry

“…In European countries, the consumers' age group is between 18-35 years, and that group has been showing a very high demand for RTE or convenience food products. Paudyal & Karatzas (2016) said in a study that these food products are the best alternative to regular choice because they are consumable at any time as meals or snacks. So RTE foods are among the most effective revenue generation products in the food industry and the entire global industry.…”