“…Many modern composites and advanced material systems, such as protective coatings, laminated ceramics, microelectronic devices, layered nanofilms, functionally graded materials and adhesive joints, are examples of multi-layered structures (Sackman et al 1989;Holleck et al 1990;Roeder and Sun, 2001;Chen and Pindera, 2006;Khanna and Kotousov, 2014). These structures are also prevalent in nature, ranging from the nano-scale structures, which provide unique properties to bio-materials such as nacre, tooth enamel and bone (Sellinger et al 1998;Gao et al 2003) to the large scale structures such as stratified rock formations in the earth's crust (Daneshy, 1978;Gudmundsson et al 2010;Khanna and Kotousov, 2015).…”