Stress and affiliation: A utility theory.

Rofé, Yacov

doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.2.235

Cited by 92 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The stress-attachment link in adulthood also received some support in studies testing Schachter's (1959) fear-affiliation hypothesis. In these studies, fearful persons are more likely than nonfearful persons to affiliate with an available other while awaiting some noxious event (see Rofe, 1984, andKlinnert, 1982, for reviews). Although this finding has been initially interpreted in terms of social comparison, more recent findings (Kirkpatrick & Shaver, 1988) suggest that stress increases proximity seeking as a means of alleviating distress.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One possibility is to ob-serve a person's behavior and to rate the extent he or she seeks for proximity or support. This methodological strategy has been used in studies with infants (e.g., Ainsworth, 1973;Lamb, 1976), in experiments testing Schachter's (1959) fear-affiliation hypothesis (see Rofe, 1984, for a review), and in recent adult attachment studies (e.g., Rholes, Simpson, & GrichStevens, 1998;Simpson, Rholes, & Nelligan, 1992). The problem with this strategy is that proximity-seeking behaviors may depend on a conscious deliberation about the expected utility and personal-cultural adequacy of these behaviors.…”

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress and accessibility of proximity-related thoughts: Exploring the normative and intraindividual components of attachment theory.

Mikulincer¹,

Birnbaum²,

Woddis³

et al. 2000

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

305

240

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Three studies examine the effects of stress on the accessibility of proximity-related thoughts. In all the studies, participants reported on their attachment style, and the accessibility of proximity themes and worries in a lexical decision task was assessed upon the priming of a stress or neutral word. In Study 2, the primed stress word was semantically related to attachment themes. In Study 3, lexical decisions were made under low or high cognitive load conditions. Overall, the priming of a stress word led to increased accessibility of proximity themes, regardless of attachment style. Anxious-ambivalent people also showed high accessibility to proximity themes and worries in both neutral and stress contexts. In most conditions, avoidant persons' reactions were similar to those of secure persons. However, they showed no accessibility to proximity worries even after the priming of a semantically related word and reacted with high accessibility to these worries upon the addition of cognitive load.In his classic trilogy, Bowlby (1969, 1973, 1980) developed an ethological theory about the function, antecedents, and consequences of the activation of the attachment system in humans. However, the vast majority of attachment studies have adopted an individual differences perspective, dealing with Bowlby's (1973, 1988) statements about the effects of a person's history of attachment experiences on his or her attachment style. This trend is mainly noted in adult attachment studies, which have focused on the ways people differing in attachment style differ in the way they regulate distress. Our study attempts to integrate the normative and intraindividual components of attachment theory and to examine Bowlby's hypothesis about the effect of stress arousal on the activation of the attachment system. Specifically, we examine whether a stress context cognitively activates the attachment system in most individuals while, at the same time, examining whether and how individual differences in attachment style may color this activation.Attachment, Stress Arousal, and Distress Regulation One basic statement of Bowlby's (1969Bowlby's ( , 1973Bowlby's ( , 1980 theory is that all human beings are born with an attachment system aimed at maintaining proximity to significant others

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Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Current Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and accessibility of proximity-related thoughts: Exploring the normative and intraindividual components of attachment theory.

Mikulincer¹,

Birnbaum²,

Woddis³

et al. 2000

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

305

240

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Previous research showed that the need to belong is especially prevalent under social threat (Elder & Clipp, 1988;Hogg, 2000;Hogg, Sherman, Dieselhuis, Maiter, & Moffitt, 2007;Rofe, 1984). Therefore, to experimentally increase the need to belong to one's group, we threatened participants' perceived ability to recognize faces of in-group members.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 98%

Together we cry: Social motives and preferences for group-based sadness

Porat

Halperin

Mannheim³

et al. 2015

Cognition and Emotion

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Group-based emotions play an important role in helping people feel that they belong to their group. People are motivated to belong, but does this mean that they actively try to experience group-based emotions to increase their sense of belonging? In this investigation, we propose that people may be motivated to experience even group-based emotions that are typically considered unpleasant to satisfy their need to belong. To test this hypothesis, we examined people's preferences for group-based sadness in the context of the Israeli National Memorial Day. In two correlational (Studies 1a and 1b) and two experimental (Studies 2 and 3) studies, we demonstrate that people with a stronger need to belong have a stronger preference to experience group-based sadness. This effect was mediated by the expectation that experiencing sadness would be socially beneficial (Studies 1 and 2). We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding motivated emotion regulation and intergroup relations.

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“…One of the things that happens when people are threatened, or placed in a situation of fear, is that their groups become more important to them (Elder and Clipp 1988;Rofe 1984). One of the things that happens when people are threatened, or placed in a situation of fear, is that their groups become more important to them (Elder and Clipp 1988;Rofe 1984).…”

Section: Groups Fear and Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary Contributions to the Science of Creative Thinking

Corazza¹,

Agnoli²

2016

Creativity in the Twenty First Century

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Aims and Scope"Creativity in the Twenty-First Century Book Series" repositions "creativity" as a boundary-crossing discipline that is essential to learning and teaching, socialeconomic dialogues, academic discourses and cultural practices, as well as technological and digital communications. The series serves as a timely platform, bringing together like-minded scientists and researchers around the world to share their diverse perspectives on creativity and to engage in open and productive inquiries into promoting creativity for a more peaceful and harmonious world. Researchers and practitioners from all continents are invited to share their discipline-specific insights, research orientations and cultural practices, as well as to pose new questions on what creativity is, how to promote it, which directions to pursue, who should participate, and so on.The book series is led by emerging eminent and senior scientists, researchers, and educators in the fields of creativity, psychology, the cultural sciences and education studies. They create networks of sharing and spread innovative publishing opportunities within the communities of practice. They invest considerable time and effort in deepening creativity expertise, structuring creativity programs, and organizing creativity activities for the communities of interest. The book series aims not only to "glue together" like-minded scientists (community of practice) to share benefits of creativity theorizing, research and practice, but also to encourage nonexperts (community of interest) in all societies to become supporters and spokespersons of positive engagement in creative learning, teaching and dialogues.More information about this series at

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Stress and affiliation: A utility theory.

Cited by 92 publications

References 58 publications

Stress and accessibility of proximity-related thoughts: Exploring the normative and intraindividual components of attachment theory.

Stress and accessibility of proximity-related thoughts: Exploring the normative and intraindividual components of attachment theory.

Together we cry: Social motives and preferences for group-based sadness

Multidisciplinary Contributions to the Science of Creative Thinking

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