Stress and cancer.

Sklar, Lawrence S.; Anisman, Hymie

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.89.3.369

Cited by 320 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…The data obtained in both human and animal studies suggest that psychosocial factors may play a role in the development of cancer and influence survival (Hilakivi-Clarke et al, 1993b). Specifically, these studies implicate that an impaired ability to cope with stress increases the-risk to develop cancer and shortens survival (Hilakivi-Clarke et al, 1993b;Ramirez et al, 1989;Sklar & Anisman, 1981). In contrast, an improved ability to cope with stress and improved well-being may reduce cancer risk (Geyer, 1991) and lengthen survival (Spiegel et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other abnormalities in these animals (stomach, pancreas, etc.) have emerged as studies have proceeded.Human and animal data suggest that an ability to cope with stress influences vulnerability to develop cancer (Hilakivi-Clarke et al, 1993b;Holland, 1989;Sklar & Anisman, 1981). Perturbations in natural killer (NK) cell activity (Chuang et al, 1990;Saibara et al, 1989;Shirai et al, 1990) and steroid hormone levels (d' Arville & Johnson, 1990;Yager & Shi, 1991) may mediate the effects of psychosocial factors in cancer.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Opposing behavioural alterations in male and female transgenic TGFα mice: association with tumour susceptibility

Hilakivi‐Clarke

Arora²,

Clarke³

et al. 1993

Br J Cancer

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Summary Psychosocial factors are thought to influence risk and survival from cancer. We have previously studied specific behaviours in transgenic male CD-1 MT42 mice, which overexpress the gene encoding human transforming growth factor a (TGFa) in multiple tissues, and which Transforming growth factor a (TGFa) is a polypeptide which exhibits approximately 35% sequence homology to epidermal growth factor (EGF), and interacts with cells through the EGF receptor. Both TGFx and EGF can act as potent mitogens in a number of epithelial cell systems (Carpenter & Cohen, 1979). It has been postulated that TGFa plays an important role in neoplastic transformation, since it is highly expressed along with its receptor in many TGFa growth responsive tumour cells (Bates et al., 1988;Derynck et al., 1987;Rosenthal et al., 1986;Watanabe et al., 1987). The results of studies with transgenic CD-1 mice, in which chronic overexpression of TGFa is directed by the metallothionein (MT) promotor to multiple tissues throughout their life (Jhappan et al., 1990;Sandgren et al., 1990), have shown that male mice bearing a TGFa transgene develop a high incidence of spontaneous hepatocarcinomas at the age of 10-15 months (Jhappan et al., 1990). Other abnormalities in these animals (stomach, pancreas, etc.) have emerged as studies have proceeded.Human and animal data suggest that an ability to cope with stress influences vulnerability to develop cancer (Hilakivi-Clarke et al., 1993b;Holland, 1989;Sklar & Anisman, 1981). Perturbations in natural killer (NK) cell activity (Chuang et al., 1990;Saibara et al., 1989;Shirai et al., 1990) and steroid hormone levels (d' Arville & Johnson, 1990;Yager & Shi, 1991) may mediate the effects of psychosocial factors in cancer. We have utilised transgenic male MT42 TGFax mice in studies assessing those behaviours associated with tumourigenesis (Hilakivi-Clarke et al., 1992a). When compared with age matched non-tran sgenic control CD-1 mice, 2-3-month-old male transgenic TGFa mice spent significantly longer times immobile in Porsolt's swim test, and in aggressive behaviour (Hilakivi-Clarke et al., 1992a). The male TGFa mice also exhibited a 25% lower NK cell activity, and a 4-fold increase in the plasma levels of 17p-estradiol (E2) than the controls (Hilakivi-Clarke et al., 1992 al., 1990). This is surprising, since TGFa appears to play a significant role in mammary tumourigenesis (Bates et al., 1988;Liu et al., 1987;Sandgren et al., 1990), and female mice in other transgenic TGFa models exhibit an increased incidence of mammary tumours (Matsui et al., 1990;Sandgren et al., 1990;Stuart, 1984). The expression of TGFoa mRNA appears equally elevated in both sexes of MT42 mice (Hilakivi-Clarke et al., 1993a;Jhappan et al., 1990). To investigate behavioural changes associated with the overexpression of TGFa in the female mice, we utilised (i) Porsolt's swim test, which is thought to measure both depressive behaviour and an animal's ability to cope with stress (Garcia-Marquez & Armario, 1987;Hilakivi et al., 19...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opposing behavioural alterations in male and female transgenic TGFα mice: association with tumour susceptibility

Hilakivi‐Clarke

Arora²,

Clarke³

et al. 1993

Br J Cancer

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“…[The direction of causality indicated by solid lines is uniformly from left to right. Letters in Figure 1 refer to the following studies and reviews: (a) Levine, 1960;Denenberg, 1967; G. S. Solomon, Kay, & Morley, 1986;(c and d) Pfeifer, 1976;(e1 and e2) Weiss, Glazer, Pohorecky, Brick, & Miller, 1975; (f) Bhagat & Horenstein, 1976;(g) Stone, 1968; Bryar, Fregly, & Field, 1983; (i and j) Sklar & Anisman, 1981 (review); (k) Brown & Van Huss, 1973;Brown et al, 1979; Bhagat & Horenstein, 1976;Alho, Koistinaho, Kovanen, Suominen, & Hervonen, 1984; Harri, 1979; Sklar & Anisman, 1981 (review); (o) Starzec, Berger, & Hesse, 1983; (p) Ritter & Pelzer, 1978;(q) Greenberg & Wiess, 1978; Meaney et al, 1987; (t, u, and v) Sklar & Anisman, 1981;Calabrese, Kling, & Gold, 1987 (both reviews). ] Figures 1 and 2 are included merely to provide a quick visual image of the relations and gaps in this nomological net; the reader need not study the fi gures to follow this presentation.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Social stressors are inappropriate for a host of obvious reasons and because they may not lead to toughening if they were used. Remember that when nonhumans are exposed to chronic social stressors (in contrast to physical stressors), benefi ts to their immune systems do not result (Sklar & Anisman, 1981). Psychologically, it may be that social stressors are too continuous, preventing toughening by allowing insuffi cient intervals for recovery.…”

Section: Life-style Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arousal and physiological toughness: Implications for mental and physical health.

Dienstbier

1989

Psychological Review

801

585

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From W. B. Cannon's identification of adrenaline with "ftght or flight" to modern views of stress, negative views of peripheral physiological arousal predominate. Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) arousal is associated with anxiety, neuroticism, the Type A personality, cardiovascular disease, and immune system suppression; illness susceptibility is associated with life events requiring adjustments. "Stress control" has become almost synonymous with arousal reduction. A contrary positive view of peripheral arousal follows from studies of subjects exposed to intermittent stressors. Such exposure leads to low SNS arousal base rates, but to strong and responsive challenge-or stressinduced SNS-adrenal-medullary arousal, with resistance to brain catecholamine depletion and with suppression of pituitary adrenal-cortical responses. That pattern of arousal defines physiological toughness and, in interaction with psychological coping, corresponds with positive performance in even complex tasks, with emotional stability, and with immune system enhancement. The toughness concept suggests an opposition between effective short-and long-term coping, with implications for effective therapies and stress-inoculating life-styles.Confrontations with stressors and challenges evoke central and peripheral physiological arousal. Characterizations of that peripheral arousal traditionally have been negative, but some modern views are more positive. After providing some definitions, I discuss the apparent contradictions between literatures whose basis is an assumption of the harmfulness of peripheral physiological arousal and those whose basis is not. DefinitionsAccording to Folkman and Lazarus (1985), the term stress implies "a relationship between the person and the environment that is appraised by the person as relevant to his or her well-being and in which the person's resources are taxed or exceeded" (p. 152). As components of stress, Folkman and Lazarus described threat as "potential for harm or loss," challenge as "potential for growth," and harm-loss as "injury already done" (p. 152). However, because I often emphasize the differences between challenge, on the one hand, and threat and loss, on the other, I use the term challenge separately, using stress to capture only the components of the concept associated with threat and harm/loss.

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“…Depression is implicated in the progression of cancer, both by itself or in conjunction with other risk factors. Research has found a positive association between depression and cancer (Carney, A few prospective studies in humans have found evidence of a link between uncontrollable stress and cancer (McKenna et al, 1999., Sklar and Anisman, 1981). Psychosocial variables may indirectly affect the initiation of cancer through consumption of a fatty diet or exposure to stress (Levy, 1983).…”

Section: Note:* Indicates Significant Difference Between the Groups Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparitive Study of the Level of Psychological Distress of Female Cardiovascular and Cancer Patients

Alex¹

2014

IOSRJHSS

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Stress and cancer.

Cited by 320 publications

References 261 publications

Opposing behavioural alterations in male and female transgenic TGFα mice: association with tumour susceptibility

Opposing behavioural alterations in male and female transgenic TGFα mice: association with tumour susceptibility

Arousal and physiological toughness: Implications for mental and physical health.

A Comparitive Study of the Level of Psychological Distress of Female Cardiovascular and Cancer Patients

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