Stress and the Development of Cognitive Vulnerabilities to Depression Explain Sex Differences in Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence

Hamilton, Jessica L.; Stange, Jonathan P.; Abramson, Lyn Y.; Alloy, Lauren B.

doi:10.1177/2167702614545479

Cited by 99 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 60 publications

(80 reference statements)

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“…In addition to increased rates of SI among adolescent girls, research has consistently demonstrated that adolescent girls also have greater negative inferential styles (Hankin and Abramson 2002) and are more likely to develop ruminative tendencies during the adolescent years (e.g., Hamilton et al 2015). Although few studies have evaluated sex as a potential moderator of the relationship between cognitive factors and SI, numerous studies have demonstrated that cognitive vulnerabilities predict depression more strongly among adolescent girls than boys (e.g., Jose and Brown 2008; Mezulis et al 2010).…”

Section: Sex Differences In the Pathway Between Cognitive Factors Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation: A Two Year Longitudinal Study in Adolescence

Burke

Connolly

Hamilton

et al. 2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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Adolescence is a developmental period associated with heightened risk for both the onset and escalation of suicidal ideation (SI). Given that SI is a potent predictor of suicidal behavior, it is important to develop models of vulnerability for and protection against SI, particularly among young adolescents. This study examined the relative impact of several cognitive vulnerabilities, as well as protective factors, for SI among young adolescents over a 2-year interval encompassing their transition to mid-adolescence. At baseline, 324 adolescents (M=12.39 years; SD=0.63; 52.5 % female) completed measures of depressive symptoms, self-referent information processing biases, negative inferential style, and responses to negative affect. Further, the adolescents and their mothers were administered a diagnostic interview to assess current and past depressive disorders and SI. Over follow-up, adolescents and their mothers were administered the diagnostic interview every 12 months and adolescents completed a self-report measure inquiring about SI every 6 months to assess interviewer-rated and self-reported SI. Logistic regressions indicated that preferential endorsement of negative adjectives as self-referent (only among girls), rumination in response to negative affect, and a negative inferential style prospectively predicted SI. Additionally, young adolescents’ tendency to respond to negative affect with distraction and problem-solving buffered against their risk for exhibiting SI. When these factors were entered simultaneously, preferential endorsement of negative adjectives as self-referent and the use of distraction and problem-solving skills remained the only significant prospective predictors of SI. No previous studies have examined these variables as predictors of SI, thereby highlighting their potential utility in improving the predictive validity of extant models of suicide risk and resilience.

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Section: Sex Differences In the Pathway Between Cognitive Factors Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation: A Two Year Longitudinal Study in Adolescence

Burke

Connolly

Hamilton

et al. 2015

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…In particular, youth at risk for depression, such as children of depressed mothers, do not demonstrate developmental increases in RSA (Field & Diego, 2008; Gentzler et al, 2012), suggesting that high-risk youth may be at greater risk for atypical reactivity. Further, there are a number of changes that occur during adolescence that may influence the development of atypical HRV reactivity, including pubertal and biological influences (Casey, Jones, & Hare, 2008; Susman & Rogol, 2004), and greater exposure and reactivity to stress (Hamilton, Stange, Abramson, & Alloy, 2015; Romeo, 2013). Thus, adolescence may be a period in which individuals with atypical HRV reactivity are at increased risk for depression, thereby further highlighting the need for a thorough review of HRV reactivity and depression among both youth and adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical reactivity of heart rate variability to stress and depression across development: Systematic review of the literature and directions for future research

Hamilton

Alloy

2016

Clinical Psychology Review

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139

104

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Heart rate variability has received growing attention in the depression literature, with several recent meta-analyses indicating that lower resting heart rate variability is associated with depression. However, the role of fluctuations in heart rate variability (or reactivity) in response to stress in depression remains less clear. The present review provides a systematic examination of the literature on heart rate variability reactivity to a laboratory-induced stressor task and depression, including 26 studies of reactivity in heart rate variability and clinical depression, remitted (or history of) depression, and subthreshold depression (or symptom-level depression) among adults, adolescents, and children. In addition to reviewing the findings of these studies, methodological considerations and conceptual gaps in the literature are addressed. We conclude by highlighting the importance of investigating the potential transactional relationship between heart rate variability reactivity and depression and possible mechanisms underlying this relationship.

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“…We also evaluated sex differences in the relationship between attentional shifting and rumination and depression onset. This was important given that research has found that girls develop a more ruminative response style and higher rates of depression than boys by mid-adolescence 1,24 . However, the literature has provided mixed evidence about the presence of sex differences in the relationship between rumination and depression during adolescence 25 , and no studies to our knowledge have evaluated sex differences in the relationship between attentional shifting and first onset of major depression.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inflexible Cognition Predicts First Onset of Major Depressive Episodes in Adolescence

et al. 2016

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Background Major depressive disorder often is characterized by a lack of cognitive and emotional flexibility, resulting in an impaired ability to adapt to situational demands. Adolescence is an important period of risk for the first onset of depression, yet relatively little is known about whether aspects of inflexibility, such as rumination and deficits in attentional shifting, could confer risk for the development of the disorder during this time. Method In the present study, a sample of 285 never-depressed adolescents completed self-report and behavioral measures of rumination and attentional shifting at a baseline visit, followed by up to four years of annual prospective follow-up diagnostic assessments. Results Survival analyses indicated that adolescents with greater levels of rumination or poorer attentional shifting experienced a shorter time until the first onset of major depressive episodes, even after accounting for baseline symptoms and demographic characteristics. Although girls were twice as likely as boys to experience the first onset of depression, rumination predicted a shorter time until depression onset only for boys. Rumination and attentional shifting were not correlated and predicted time until onset of major depression independently of one another. Conclusions These results provide evidence that components of cognition that are characterized by rigidity and perseveration confer risk for the first onset of major depression during adolescence. Evaluating rumination and attentional shifting in adolescence may be useful in identifying individuals who are at risk for depression and who may benefit from interventions that target or alter the development of these characteristics.

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Stress and the Development of Cognitive Vulnerabilities to Depression Explain Sex Differences in Depressive Symptoms During Adolescence

Cited by 99 publications

References 60 publications

Cognitive Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation: A Two Year Longitudinal Study in Adolescence

Cognitive Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation: A Two Year Longitudinal Study in Adolescence

Atypical reactivity of heart rate variability to stress and depression across development: Systematic review of the literature and directions for future research

Inflexible Cognition Predicts First Onset of Major Depressive Episodes in Adolescence

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