Stress-Dependent Magnetic Flux Leakage: Finite Element Modelling Simulations Versus Experiments

Wang, Yujue; Melikhov, Yevgen; Meydan, Turgut; Yang, Zengchong; Wu, Dan; Wu, Bin; He, Cunfu; Liu, Xiucheng

doi:10.1007/s10921-019-0643-0

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The stress effect has been studied by many researchers [ 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. The properties of ferromagnetic materials change with the loading stress due to the magneto-mechanical coupling, thus the MFL signal also changes with the stress.…”

Section: Factors Influencing Mfl Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of ferromagnetic materials change with the loading stress due to the magneto-mechanical coupling, thus the MFL signal also changes with the stress. Y. Wang proposed a multi-physics simulation model to study the change in MFL signal with stress and showed that the peak-to-peak amplitude of the normalized MFL signal decreases with an increase in stress [ 80 ]. Mandal showed that the circumferential bending stress changes the magnetic easy axis of the pipe and thus reduces the MFL signal [ 81 ].…”

Section: Factors Influencing Mfl Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Magnetic Flux Leakage Nondestructive Testing

Feng

et al. 2022

Materials

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Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a widely used nondestructive testing (NDT) method for the inspection of ferromagnetic materials. This review paper presents the basic principles of MFL testing and summarizes the recent advances in MFL. An analytical expression for the leakage magnetic field based on the 3D magnetic dipole model is provided. Based on the model, the effects of defect size, defect orientation, and liftoff distance have been analyzed. Other influencing factors, such as magnetization strength, testing speed, surface roughness, and stress, have also been introduced. As the most important steps of MFL, the excitation method (a permanent magnet, DC, AC, pulsed) and sensing methods (Hall element, GMR, TMR, etc.), have been introduced in detail. Finally, the algorithms for the quantification of defects and the applications of MFL have been introduced.

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Section: Factors Influencing Mfl Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Influencing Mfl Signalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Magnetic Flux Leakage Nondestructive Testing

Feng

et al. 2022

Materials

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“…When a ferromagnetic material is subjected to the action of elastic stress ( σ ) in an applied magnetic field ( H ), the magnetization ( M ) of the material is dominated by an effective field, H e , which can be expressed as [ 12 , 21 , 27 ]

where H σ represents the equivalent magnetic field induced by the stress. This equivalent field results from the magnetoelastic coupling and is given by

where ν is the Poisson’s ratio, θ is the angle between the stress axis and the direction of H σ , and λ is the bulk magnetostriction, whose partial differential with respect to magnetization is determined by fitting λ ≈ a + bM 2 [ 13 , 28 ] from the experiment. When the direction of stress is parallel to that of magnetization, Equation (19) can be rewritten as

…”

Section: The Effect Of Temperature On Magnetic Barkhausen Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of the Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

Wang

Meydan

Melikhov

2021

Sensors

Self Cite

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The effect of temperature on magnetic Barkhausen noise (MBN) can be divided into two types: the direct effect of temperature itself and the indirect effect of thermally induced stress. The theoretical model is proposed in this paper to describe the effects of temperature on the MBN signal. For the case considering the direct effect of temperature only, the analytical model allows the prediction of the effect of temperature on MBN profile, and, based on the model, a simple linear calibration curve is presented to evaluate the effect of temperature on MBN amplitude quantitatively. While for the case where the indirect effect of thermal stress is taken into account in addition to the direct effect, the proposed theoretical model allows the deduction of parabolic function for quantitative evaluation of the combined effect on MBN. Both effects of temperature on MBN, i.e., the direct only and the combined one, have been studied experimentally on 0.5 mm thickness non-oriented (NO) electrical steel and the adhesive structure of NO steel and ceramic glass, respectively. The reciprocal of the measured MBN peak amplitude (1/MBNp) in the first case shows a linear function of temperature, which agrees with the proposed linear calibration curve. While in the experiments considering the combined effects, 1/MBNp shows parabolic dependence on temperature, which is further simplified as a piecewise function for the practical applications.

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“…The quantization of the pipeline MFL signal is the ultimate goal of MFL detection [ 14 ]. Most of the quantization methods are to carry out a large number of calibrations of experimental data [ 15 , 16 ], but the failure to take into account the complex situation in the pipeline will lead to poor accuracy and impracticality of the quantization method; therefore, the quantization of the theoretical model has become a hot research topic [ 17 , 18 ]. Under the influence of the internal pressure of the medium and the surrounding environment, there is a large stress concentration area at the defect [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Signal Characteristics of Oil and Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Magneto-Mechanical Effects

Liu

et al. 2023

Sensors

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In order to solve the problem of the quantification of detection signals in the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) of defective in-service oil and gas pipelines, a non-uniform magnetic charge model was established based on magnetic effects. The distribution patterns of magnetic charges under different stresses were analyzed. The influences of the elastic load and plastic deformation on the characteristic values of MFL signals were quantitatively assessed. The experimental results showed that the magnetic charge density was large at the edges of the defect and small at the center, and approximately decreased linearly with increasing stress. The eigenvalues of the axial and radial components of the MFL signals were compared, and it was found that the eigenvalues of the radial component exhibited a larger decline rate and were more sensitive to stress. With the increase in the plastic deformation, the characteristic values of the MFL signals initially decreased and then increased, and there was an inflection point. The location of the inflection point was associated with the magnetostriction coefficient. Compared with the uniform magnetic charge model, the accuracy of the axial and radial components of the MFL signals in the elastic stage of the improved magnetic charge model rose by 17% and 16%, respectively. The accuracy of the axial and radial components of the MFL signals were elevated by 9.15% and 9%, respectively, in the plastic stage.

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Stress-Dependent Magnetic Flux Leakage: Finite Element Modelling Simulations Versus Experiments

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

A Review of Magnetic Flux Leakage Nondestructive Testing

A Review of Magnetic Flux Leakage Nondestructive Testing

Quantitative Evaluation of the Effect of Temperature on Magnetic Barkhausen Noise

The Signal Characteristics of Oil and Gas Pipeline Leakage Detection Based on Magneto-Mechanical Effects

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