Stress Dissipation Encoded Silk Fibroin Electrode for the Athlete‐Beneficial Silk Bioelectronics

Abstract

The kinetic body motions have guided the core‐shell fabrics of wearable bioelectronics to be elastoplastic. However, the polymeric electrodes follow the trade‐off relationship between toughness and stretchability. To this end, the stress dissipation encoded silk fibroin electrode is proposed as the core electrode of wearable bioelectronics. Significantly, the high degree of intrinsic stress dissipation is realized via an amino acid crosslink. The canonical phenolic amino acid (i.e., tyrosine) of silk fibroin is engineered to bridge the secondary structures. A sufficient crosslink network is constructed when tyrosine is exposed near the amorphous strand. The stress dissipative tyrosine crosslink affords 12.5‐fold increments of toughness (4.72 to 58.9 MJ m−3) and implements the elastoplastic silk fibroin. The harmony of elastoplastic core electrodes with shell fabrics enables the wearable bioelectronics to employ mechanical performance (elastoplasticity of 750 MJ m−3) and stable electrical response. The proposed wearable is capable of assisting the effective workouts via triboelectricity. In principle, active mobility with suggested wearables potentially relieves muscular fatigues and severe injuries during daily fitness.

Double-Action Disinfection with Silk Fibroin Gauze: Reliable Therapeutics to Prevent Infectious Complications

“…The shifted Raman spectrum was suggestive of the different internal structures between t1-and t2SG (Figure 2d). 26 Because approximately 50% of t2SG was composed of the β-sheet, the ratio of β-sheet to β-turn (i.e., βsheet/β-turn) was ∼2.4 higher than that of t1SG (Figure 2e). Finally, the ratio of type I to type II conformation (i.e., Silk I/ Silk II) was evaluated from the Raman spectra within 1400− 1500 cm −1 : ∼75% of t1SG presented type I conformation, whereas ∼70% of t2SG exhibited type II conformation (Figure 2f).…”

“…Silk fibroin is an emerging biopolymer in diverse biomedical and healthcare applications, for instance, human–electronics interface, , 3D printing, cellular signaling scaffold, , and bioelectronics. , In recent biomedical engineering applications, the excellent mechanical strength ( i.e. , ultimate stress > GPa, toughness >100 MJ m –3 ) of silk fibroins has been highlighted, which is attributable to the antiparallel stacking of β-sheets in the type II conformation .…”

“…We fabricated t1 SG through calcium-mediated self-assembly . Technically, as calcium disrupts the β-sheet stacking, β-sheet crystals become insufficient for constructing the type II conformation . Moreover, the external energies ( e.g., shearing force in silk gland, thermal pressing of engineered silk fibroin) lead to the transition from type I to type II conformation.…”

“…In general, the amide I band informs the distribution of protein secondary structures. The shifted Raman spectrum was suggestive of the different internal structures between t1 - and t2 SG (Figure d) . Because approximately 50% of t2 SG was composed of the β-sheet, the ratio of β-sheet to β-turn ( i.e.…”

“…32 Technically, as calcium disrupts the β-sheet stacking, βsheet crystals become insufficient for constructing the type II conformation. 26 Moreover, the external energies (e.g., shearing force in silk gland, 30 thermal pressing of engineered silk fibroin 20 ) lead to the transition from type I to type II conformation. To circumvent the unintended conformational changes, the self-assembly into t1SG was progressed by spontaneously evaporating the solvent.…”