Stress Ecology in Fucus: Abiotic, Biotic and Genetic Interactions

Wahl, Martin; Jormalainen, Veijo; Eriksson, Britas Klemens; Coyer, James A.; Molis, Markus; Schubert, Hendrik; Dethier, Megan N.; Karez, Rolf; Kruse, Inken; Lenz, Mark; Pearson, Gareth A.; Rohde, Sven; Wikström, Sofia A.; Olsen, Jeanine L.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-385536-7.00002-9

Cited by 109 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 251 publications

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“…In our study, in several instances, the two factors interacted, i.e., the eVect of one stressor depended on what level of the other stressor was present. Some factor combinations in our study were intentionally chosen to constitute suboptimal conditions, i.e., environmental stress, and we previously deWned this as any setting of an environmental variable or several variables that reduces an organism's performance (Wahl et al 2011). At the same time, we assumed that the environmental conditions during peak recruitment represent a scenario to which the population we investigated is adapted to, i.e., these conditions are optimal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, any prediction about climate change eVects on species performance remains uncertain as long as we do not know about the compound eVect of the whole suite of shifting environmental factors (temperature, salinity, nutrients, pCO 2 , stratiWcation, predation, parasitism, etc.) and the eco-evolutive potential, at all of their ontogenetic stages, of the aVected species to adapt to these shifts (e.g., Reusch and Wood 2007;Wahl et al 2011). Future studies on marine invertebrates under climate change scenarios should therefore focus more on the interactive eVects of diVerent environmental stressors considering all ontogenetic stages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is well accepted by now that in the course of global change, several potential stressors will appear and intensify simultaneously and may exhibit antagonistic, additive, or synergistic eVects, which make predictions based on the assessment of single stressors unreliable (e.g., Wahl et al 2011). The interactive eVect of putative stresses such as high temperature and low salinity on larval performance and survival of barnacles has, however, been subject of only a few studies (Harms 1986;Anil et al 1995;Qiu and Qian 1999;Thiyagarajan et al 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When stress impacts a foundational species, it may percolate through the community easily (e.g., Wahl et al 2011). Amphibalanus improvisus is such a common, locally dominant, and ecologically important fouling organism in the Western Baltic (Dürr and Wahl 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Being young in a changing world: how temperature and salinity changes interactively modify the performance of larval stages of the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus

et al. 2011

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The fate of key species, such as the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus, in the course of global change is of particular interest since any change in their abundance and/or performance may entail community-wide eVects. In the Xuctuating Western Baltic, species typically experience a broad range of environmental conditions, which may preselect them to better cope with climate change. In this study, we examined the sensitivity of two crucial ontogenetic phases (naupliar, cypris) of the barnacle toward a range of temperature (12, 20, and 28°C) and salinity (5, 15, and 30 psu) combinations. Under all salinity treatments, nauplii developed faster at intermediate and high temperatures. Cyprid metamorphosis success, in contrast, was interactively impacted by temperature and salinity. Survival of nauplii decreased with increasing salinity under all temperature treatments. Highest settlement rates occurred at the intermediate temperature and salinity combination, i.e., 20°C and 15 psu. Settlement success of "naive" cyprids, i.e., when nauplii were raised in the absence of stress (20°C/15 psu), was less impacted by stressful temperature/ salinity combinations than that of cyprids with a stress history. Here, settlement success was highest at 30 psu particularly at low and high temperatures. Surprisingly, larval survival was not highest under the conditions typical for the Kiel Fjord at the season of peak settlement (20°C/15 psu). The proportion of nauplii that ultimately transformed to attached juveniles was, however, highest under these "home" conditions. Overall, only particularly stressful combinations of temperature and salinity substantially reduced larval performance and development. Given more time for adaptation, the relatively smooth climate shifts predicted will probably not dramatically aVect this species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Being young in a changing world: how temperature and salinity changes interactively modify the performance of larval stages of the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus

et al. 2011

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“…survival, growth, abundance, behaviour e.g. species diversity, biomass, total primary production additive antagonistic Crain et al [15] Darling & Côté [16] Dieleman et al [32] Gruner et al [26] Harvey et al [47] Przelawski et al [22] Wu et al [31] Stephens et al [29] Wahl et al [33] Jackson [27] Figure 4. Links between various categories of responses to multiple stressors and the types of interactions occurring between these stressors.…”

Section: Can We Predict Stressor Interaction Types?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among ecosystem stressors and their importance in conservation

2016

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Interactions between multiple ecosystem stressors are expected to jeopardize biological processes, functions and biodiversity. The scientific community has declared stressor interactions-notably synergies-a key issue for conservation and management. Here, we review ecological literature over the past four decades to evaluate trends in the reporting of ecological interactions (synergies, antagonisms and additive effects) and highlight the implications and importance to conservation. Despite increasing popularity, and ever-finer terminologies, we find that synergies are (still) not the most prevalent type of interaction, and that conservation practitioners need to appreciate and manage for all interaction outcomes, including antagonistic and additive effects. However, it will not be possible to identify the effect of every interaction on every organism's physiology and every ecosystem function because the number of stressors, and their potential interactions, are growing rapidly. Predicting the type of interactions may be possible in the near-future, using meta-analyses, conservation-oriented experiments and adaptive monitoring. Pending a general framework for predicting interactions, conservation management should enact interventions that are robust to uncertainty in interaction type and that continue to bolster biological resilience in a stressful world.

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Climate change impact on seaweed meadow distribution in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal

Jueterbock

Tyberghein

Verbruggen

et al. 2013

Ecology and Evolution

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188

159

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The North-Atlantic has warmed faster than all other ocean basins and climate change scenarios predict sea surface temperature isotherms to shift up to 600 km northwards by the end of the 21st century. The pole-ward shift has already begun for many temperate seaweed species that are important intertidal foundation species. We asked the question: Where will climate change have the greatest impact on three foundational, macroalgal species that occur along North-Atlantic shores: Fucus serratus, Fucus vesiculosus, and Ascophyllum nodosum? To predict distributional changes of these key species under three IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) climate change scenarios (A2, A1B, and B1) over the coming two centuries, we generated Ecological Niche Models with the program MAXENT. Model predictions suggest that these three species will shift northwards as an assemblage or “unit” and that phytogeographic changes will be most pronounced in the southern Arctic and the southern temperate provinces. Our models predict that Arctic shores in Canada, Greenland, and Spitsbergen will become suitable for all three species by 2100. Shores south of 45° North will become unsuitable for at least two of the three focal species on both the Northwest- and Northeast-Atlantic coasts by 2200. If these foundational species are unable to adapt to the rising temperatures, they will lose their centers of genetic diversity and their loss will trigger an unpredictable shift in the North-Atlantic intertidal ecosystem.

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Stress Ecology in Fucus: Abiotic, Biotic and Genetic Interactions

Cited by 109 publications

References 251 publications

Being young in a changing world: how temperature and salinity changes interactively modify the performance of larval stages of the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus

Being young in a changing world: how temperature and salinity changes interactively modify the performance of larval stages of the barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus

Interactions among ecosystem stressors and their importance in conservation

Climate change impact on seaweed meadow distribution in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal

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