Stress in Families of HIV-Positive Children Living in South Texas

Amodei, Nancy; Madrigal, Anna; Catala, Selina; Aranda-Naranjo, Barbara; German, Victor F.

doi:10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3f.1127

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a disease of public health importance with a significant burden on the quality of life of the affected individuals and national economy [1–5]. In 2009, an estimated 370,000 infants contracted HIV infection during the perinatal and breastfeeding period [6, 7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of auditory brainstem response in HIV-1 exposed and unexposed newborns and correlation with the maternal viral load and CD4+ cell counts

Fasunla¹,

Ogunbosi

Odaibo

et al. 2014

Aids

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Objective The effects of maternal HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on hearing of HIV-exposed newborns in sub-Saharan Africa have not been investigated. We determined the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss among HIV-exposed newborns and the association between the hearing threshold and maternal & newborn parameters. Design A cohort audiometric study of newborns between October 2012 and April 2013. Settings Secondary and tertiary hospital based study. Participants Consecutive 126 HIV-exposed and 121 HIV-unexposed newborns. Intervention Hearing screening of the newborns were done with Auditory Brainstem Response and compared with maternal HAART, CD4 cell counts, RNA viral loads and newborn CD4 percent. Main outcome measure Hearing threshold levels of both groups were measured and analyzed. Results 11.1% of HIV-exposed and 6.6% of unexposed newborns had hearing impairment (p=0.2214). 6.4% of HIV-exposed and 2.5% HIV-unexposed newborns had hearing threshold >20dBHL (p = 0.1578). There was no significant association between the hearing thresholds of HIV-exposed newborns and maternal CD4 cell counts (p = 0.059) but there was with maternal viral load (p=0.034). There was significant difference between the hearing thresholds of HIV-exposed newborns with CD4 % of ≤25 and >25. This study showed significant difference in the hearing of the 119 HAART-exposed newborns and 7 unexposed newborns (p=0.002; RR=0.13 [0.05–0.32]). Conclusion There was a trend towards more hearing loss in HIV-exposed newborns. However, hearing thresholds increase with increasing mothers’ viral load. This background information supports the need for further studies on the role of in-utero exposure to HIV and HAART in newborn hearing loss.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of auditory brainstem response in HIV-1 exposed and unexposed newborns and correlation with the maternal viral load and CD4+ cell counts

Fasunla¹,

Ogunbosi

Odaibo

et al. 2014

Aids

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“…This is consistent with a view of family members as potential caregivers for the new infant. Social support from outside the family would be a source of respite for anyone caring for the child (Andrews et al, 1993;Amodei et al, 1997). This relationship is not significantly different by HIV status suggesting that HIV does not compound the caregiving role of these family members.…”

Section: Hypothesis -Mother's Stress Process Affects Family Members' mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nih-pa Author Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whereas the birth of a child is clearly not universally viewed as a threat or potential harm, most would agree that it is a challenge. Specifically, the infant care-giving role may involve significant stress, and need for adjustment for both mothers (Amodei, et al, 1997;Hackl, et al, 1997), and their family members (McKim, 1987;Stewart, 1990;Baxter and Kahn, 1996).While poor urban African Americans are confronted with far too many major life events, they are also exposed to frequent minor external stressful events, usually referred to as "hassles" (Carroll, 1998a(Carroll, ,1998b. Hassles encompass the daily inconveniences and irritations of daily living (Nezu and Ronan, 1985;Pearlin, 1989).…”

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Interdependence of Stress Processes Among African American Family Members: Influence of HIV Serostatus and a New Infant

Feaster

Szapocznik

2002

Psychology & Health

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This study makes a theoretical contribution to stress process research by using a systemic approach to contextualize individual outcomes within the framework of other family members' experience. Utilizing a mixed model approach, indicators of the stress process of urban low-income HIV + African American recent mothers were found to affect the psychological distress and perceived adequacy of coping of multiple other family members. These relationships were found to be strongest proximal to birth and to be exacerbated by HIV infection. Social support to the mother was found to have differential effects depending on whether it was from the immediate family or outside sources. HIV infection of the recent mother was found to affect family members both through relationships of the mother's stress process and through their own coping responses. KeywordsStress process; Systemic process; Family; HIV; Multi-level data; Social support; Coping responses A growing movement in psychology is concerned with the influence of context on human functioning (Szapocznik and Kurtines, 1993). One of the most important units of social context is the family (Bronfenbrenner, 1986). The current study investigated the influence of HIV + African American women who had recently given birth, on their family members. The study demonstrates a strategy to represent family systemic influences using individual level data. Multi-level modeling is used to integrate individual information on family members in a way that permits the identification of the effect of a recent mother's experience on her family members' psychological outcomes.This study makes a theoretical contribution to stress process research by using a systemic approach to contextualize individual outcomes within the framework of other family members' experience. A system comprises parts that are interdependent or interrelated (Szapocznik and Kurtines, 1989). In human systems, interdependence is clear with persons being responsive to each other's behaviors. A major aspect of a human system is the interactive nature of behaviors and experiences of its members. That is, each individual's experience is quite different from what it would be if it were possible for the individual to live in isolation. The family is one type of system in which individual members of the system are clearly interdependent and interrelated.The current study focused on HIV + urban low-income African American women and their families because this population has extremely high rates of HIV infection, well beyond their * Corresponding author. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptPsychol Health. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2006 April 11. Published in final edited form as:Psychol Health. 2002 ; 17(3): 339-363. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscriptproportion in the general population (CDC, 1999). Women at highest risk, like the women in the current study, are predominately of childbearing age (Miles, et al., 1997), with a majority having children under the age of 18 (Kot...

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