Stress induced changes in transmitter release from sympathetic varicosities of the mouse vas deferens

D'Arbe, M.; Chin, Irene; Einstein, Rosemarie; Lavidis, Nickolas A.

doi:10.1016/s0165-1838(99)00022-3

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The increase in neurotransmitter release was indicated by increases in EJC amplitude and EJC success rate (decreased intermittence). These results are consistent with a previous study showing an increase in sympathetic neurotransmission after exposure to the chronic stress of handling and saline injections (20). The present study has demonstrated that other, commonly encountered stressors, such as social deprivation and rat odor exposure, can also increase the probability of neurotransmitter release from sympathetic varicosities and that when two stressors are present at the same time, the effect is greatly increased.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Because the sympathetic nervous system mediates many of the peripheral actions of the stress response (51), environmental conditions that cause stress may also affect the variability in probability of neurotransmitter release between varicosities of the sympathetic neuroeffector junction. An increase in the variance of the probability of transmitter release occurs after chronic exposure of animals to handling and minor surgical procedures (20). Other environmental stressors, including the housing conditions of animals, transportation of animals, and cagemate interactions, may also affect sympathetic neurotransmission.…”

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Stressful animal housing conditions and their potential effect on sympathetic neurotransmission in mice

D'Arbe

Einstein

Lavidis

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Although the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) plays a major role in mediating the peripheral stress response, due consideration is not usually given to the effects of prolonged stress on the SNS. The present study examined changes in neurotransmission in the SNS after exposure of mice (BALB/c) to stressful housing conditions. Focal extracellular recording of excitatory junction currents (EJCs) was used as a relative measure of neurotransmitter release from different regions of large surface areas of the mouse vas deferens. Mice were either group housed (control), isolation housed (social deprivation), group housed in a room containing rats (rat odor stress), or isolation housed in a room containing rats (concurrent stress). Social deprivation and concurrent stressors induced an increase of 30 and 335% in EJC amplitude, respectively. The success rate of recording EJCs from sets of varicosities in the concurrent stressor group was greater compared with all other groups. The present study has shown that some common animal housing conditions act as stressors and induce significant changes in sympathetic neurotransmission.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

Stressful animal housing conditions and their potential effect on sympathetic neurotransmission in mice

D'Arbe

Einstein

Lavidis

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Regional differences in sympathetic purinergic transmission along the length of the mouse vas deferens

Knight

D'Arbe

Liang

et al. 2002

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Contraction of the smooth muscle in the mouse vas deferens is elicited by sympathetic nerves releasing at least two neurotransmitters, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and noradrenaline (NA). Several studies have indicated the presence of regional variation in the purinergic and noradrenergic contributions to sympathetic nerve-evoked contractions in rodent vasa deferentia. We examined the relative contribution of ATP and NA to neurotransmission and contraction at the prostatic and epididymal ends of the mouse vas deferens. The success rate of recording excitatory junction currents (EJCs, extracellular indication of ATP release) from varicosities at the prostatic end of the vas deferens was eight times greater than for varicosities located at the epididymal end. Both regions of the vas deferens responded similarly to focal application of NA and ATP. Furthermore, the relative density and distribution of P2X(1)-receptor mRNA and anti-P2X(1) immunostaining did not differ between the two regions. Our results suggest that most varicosities located at the epididymal end of the vas deferens are releasing an insufficient amount of ATP to evoke detectable EJCs.

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Spatial distribution and developmental appearance of postjunctional P2X₁ receptors on smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens

Liang

Motin

Moussa

et al. 2001

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P2X1-type purinoceptors have been shown to mediate fast transmission between sympathetic varicosities and smooth muscle cells in the mouse vas deferens but the spatial organization of these receptors on the smooth muscle cells remains inconclusive. Voltage clamp techniques were used to estimate the amplitudes of spontaneous excitatory junction currents (SEJCs) in cells of the vas deferens longitudinal smooth muscle layer. These currents involved the activation of about 6% of the P2X-type channels present on the cell, as compared to whole cell currents produced when isolated smooth muscle cells were exposed to maximal concentrations of either ATP or alpha,beta-MeATP. Immunofluorescence staining of the vas deferens with antibodies against P2X1 receptor showed a diffuse, grainy distribution over the entire membrane of each smooth muscle cell. Anti-P2X1 staining was not markedly clustered beneath anti-SV2-stained sympathetic varicosities. Similar results were obtained for cells in the urinary bladder. During development, P2X1 mRNA was detected as early as embryonic day 15 (E15). Increasing intensities of diffuse immunostaining for P2X1 were observed in the walls of the bladder, tail artery, and aorta from E15 until 6 weeks postnatal. The vas deferens showed increasing intensities of diffuse staining of its smooth muscle layers between 2 and 6 weeks postnatal, consistent with the time-course of development of fast purinergic transmission described previously. Together, the results suggest that the response of smooth muscle of the vas deferens to ATP released from sympathetic varicosities relies on rapidly desensitizing P2X1 receptors, distributed diffusely across the smooth muscle cell surface.

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Stress induced changes in transmitter release from sympathetic varicosities of the mouse vas deferens

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Stressful animal housing conditions and their potential effect on sympathetic neurotransmission in mice

Stressful animal housing conditions and their potential effect on sympathetic neurotransmission in mice

Regional differences in sympathetic purinergic transmission along the length of the mouse vas deferens

Spatial distribution and developmental appearance of postjunctional P2X₁ receptors on smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens

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Stress induced changes in transmitter release from sympathetic varicosities of the mouse vas deferens

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Stressful animal housing conditions and their potential effect on sympathetic neurotransmission in mice

Stressful animal housing conditions and their potential effect on sympathetic neurotransmission in mice

Regional differences in sympathetic purinergic transmission along the length of the mouse vas deferens

Spatial distribution and developmental appearance of postjunctional P2X1 receptors on smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens

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Spatial distribution and developmental appearance of postjunctional P2X₁ receptors on smooth muscle cells of the mouse vas deferens