Stress-Level Cortisol Treatment Impairs Inhibitory Control of Behavior in Monkeys

Lyons, David M.; Lopez, Jacqueline M.; Yang, Chuan; Schatzberg, Alan F.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.20-20-07816.2000

Cited by 128 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Lupien et al (1999), for example, reported a U-shaped curve between performance on a working memory task and changes in cortisol levels after hydrocortisone infusion. Also animal research showed that chronic corticosterone administration and chronic behavioral stress can lead to dendritic reorganizations in the medial PFC (Wellman, 1993;Radley et al, 2004) and that exposure to stress-levels of cortisol results in impaired prefrontal behavioral control (Lyons et al, 2000). In our sample of high cortisol responders, such stress induced impairments in prefrontal executive functioning may have affected the task-performance in at least three ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Meaney and Aitken, 1985;Radley et al, 2004;Sanchez et al, 2000). Lyons et al (2000), for example, found impairments in prefrontal inhibitory control of behavior in primates after prolonged exposure to stress-levels of cortisol. Also studies among healthy young men showed pharmacologically administered cortisol to impair prefrontal functions, such as working memory (Lupien et al, 1999;Wolf et al, 2001;Young et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effects of stress-induced cortisol responses on approach–avoidance behavior

Roelofs

Elzinga

Rotteveel

2005

Psychoneuroendocrinology

104

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SummaryHigh glucocorticoid stress-responses are associated with prolonged freezing reactions and decreased active approach and avoidance behavior in animals. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of cortisol responses and trait avoidance on approach-avoidance behavior in humans. Twenty individuals were administered a computerized approach-avoidance (AA)-task before and after stressinduction (Trier Social Stress Test). The AA-task involved a reaction time (RT) task, in which participants made affect congruent and affect incongruent arm movements towards positive and threatening social stimuli. Affect congruent responses involved arm extension (avoidance) in response to angry faces and arm flexion (approach) in response to happy faces. Reversed responses were made in affect incongruent instruction conditions. As expected, participants with high cortisol responses showed significantly decreased RT congruency-effects in a context of social stress. Low trait avoidance was also associated with diminished congruency-effects during stress. However, the latter effect disappeared after controlling for the effects of cortisol. In sum, in agreement with animal research, these data suggest that high cortisol responses are associated with a decrease in active approach-avoidance behavior during stress. These findings may have important implications for the study of freezing and avoidance reactions in patients with anxiety disorders, such as social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder. Q

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of stress-induced cortisol responses on approach–avoidance behavior

Roelofs

Elzinga

Rotteveel

2005

Psychoneuroendocrinology

104

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“…Lack of an effect on visuospatial memory and motor speed suggests some specificity to cognitive flexibility; however, we cannot exclude a cognitive effect of other stress hormones. Administration of propranolol may affect complex interactions between the beta-adrenergic system and corticosteroid system, where activation of the latter has been shown to affect a number of aspects of cognition including many aspects attributed to frontal lobe function (Elzinga & Roelofs, 2005;Maheu et al, 2004Maheu et al, , 2005de Quervain, Roozendaal, Nitsch, McGaugh, & Hock, 2000;Lyons, Lopez, Yang, & Schatzberg, 2000;Skosnik, Chatterton, Swisher, & Park, 2000;Young, Sahakian, Robbins, & Cowen, 1999), perhaps indirectly by blocking adrenergic activity. The effects of corticosteroids can also include anatomical changes in the prefrontal cortex (Cerqueira et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beta-adrenergic Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility during Stress

Alexander¹,

Hillier²,

Smith³

et al. 2007

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

270

230

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Abstract& Stress-induced activation of the locus ceruleus-norepinephrine (LC-NE) system produces significant cognitive and behavioral effects, including enhanced arousal and attention. Improvements in discrimination task performance and memory have been attributed to this stress response. In contrast, for other cognitive functions that require cognitive flexibility, increased activity of the LC-NE system may produce deleterious effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of pharmacological modulation of the LC-NE system on stress-induced impairments in cognitive flexibility performance in healthy individuals. Cognitive performance, plus psychological and physiological parameters for 16 adults without any history of anxiety disorders, was assessed during four test sessions: stress and no-stress, with each condition tested after administration of propranolol and placebo. The Trier Social Stress Test, a public-speaking and mental arithmetic stressor, was presented to participants for the stress sessions, whereas a similar, but nonstressful, control task (reading, counting) was utilized for the no-stress sessions. Tests of cognitive flexibility included lexical-semantic and associative problem-solving tasks (anagrams, Compound Remote Associates Test). Visuospatial memory and motor processing speed tests served as control tasks. Results indicate that (1) stress impaired performance on cognitive flexibility tasks, but not control tasks; (2) compared to placebo, cognitive flexibility improved during stress with propranolol. Therefore, psychological stress, such as public speaking, negatively impacts performance on tasks requiring cognitive flexibility in normal individuals, and this effect is reversed by beta-adrenergic antagonism. This may provide support for the hypothesis that stress-related impairments in cognitive flexibility are related to the noradrenergic system. &

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“…However, female rodents exposed to chronic stress in either adolescence or adulthood show reductions in neurogenesis (Barha et al, 2011). In addition, chronic CORT exposure in both young (adolescent) and older adult monkeys decreases inhibitory control in a PFC-dependent test of behavioral flexibility (Lyons et al, 2000). However, these studies were done in female monkeys who might be more sensitive to chronic CORT in adolescence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Corticosterone Exposure during Adolescence Reduces Impulsive Action but Increases Impulsive Choice and Sensitivity to Yohimbine in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Torregrossa

Xie

Taylor

2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Chronic stress during adolescence is associated with an increased risk for alcoholism and addictive disorders. Addiction is also associated with increased impulsivity, and stress during adolescence could alter cortical circuits responsible for response inhibition. Therefore, the present study determined the effect of chronic exposure to the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) during adolescence on tests of impulsivity in adulthood and examined possible biochemical mechanisms. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CORT by their drinking water during adolescence (post-natal day 30-50). The rats were then tested in adulthood to assess behavior on the 5-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT), stop-signal reaction time task (SSRTT), and the delay-discounting task, which differentially assess attention, impulsive action, and impulsive choice. Yohimbine-induced impulsivity on the 5CSRTT and biochemical analysis of the lateral orbital frontal cortex (lOFC) was also assessed owing to the ability of yohimbine to activate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and influence impulsivity. Adolescent CORT-treated rats were found to behave largely like controls on the 5CSRTT, but did show reduced premature responses when the intertrial interval was increased. Nevertheless, the CORT-treated rats tended to have more yohimbineinduced impulsive responses at low doses on this task, which was not found to be due to increased pCREB in the lOFC, but could be related to a higher expression/activity of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR1. Adolescent CORT-treated rats performed more accurately on the SSRTT, but showed greater impulsivity on the delay-discounting task, as indicated by steeper discounting functions. Therefore, adolescent CORT exposure reduced impulsive action but increased impulsive choice, indicating that chronic stress hormone exposure in adolescence can have long-term consequences on behavior.

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Stress-Level Cortisol Treatment Impairs Inhibitory Control of Behavior in Monkeys

Cited by 128 publications

References 77 publications

The effects of stress-induced cortisol responses on approach–avoidance behavior

The effects of stress-induced cortisol responses on approach–avoidance behavior

Beta-adrenergic Modulation of Cognitive Flexibility during Stress

Chronic Corticosterone Exposure during Adolescence Reduces Impulsive Action but Increases Impulsive Choice and Sensitivity to Yohimbine in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

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