Stress Relief Cracking on the Weld of T/P 23 Steel

Chang, Jung Chel; Kim, B.S.; Heo, N. H.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.04.122

Cited by 15 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some evidences supported this statement; when the 2.25Cr-1Mo steel have been applied post-weld heat treatment, the optical metallography showed that the creep specimens have the carbides, were characterized from the electron diffraction pattern as being of the M 23 C 6 type which could cause cavity nuclei and this carbide was found to be stable throughout the duration of the tests, which means the cavitation may be a cause which leads to final rupture [1].…”

Section: The Cavity Nucleation and Growth At Type IV Weldment Zonementioning

confidence: 92%

“…The 2.25%Cr1%Mo (10CrMo9-10) steel has been widely used for high temperature structural components, such as steam pipeworks, fossil fuel plants and nuclear reactors in the power generation industry serviced at temperatures of 673K-873K (400 to 600 ) and at varying stress levels, from 40 MPa to 200MPa (MN m -2 ) [1]; this steel is selected since it offers the necessary creep strength at optimal cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Creep Cavitation and Rupture of Low Cr Alloy and its Weldment

Pang

et al. 2013

AMR

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Abstract. This paper presents a review of creep cavitation and rupture of low Cr alloy and its weldment, particular in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Creep damage is one of the serious problems for the high temperature industry. One of the computational approaches is continuum damage mechanics which has been developed and applied complementary to the experimental approach and assists in the safe operation. However, the existing creep damage constitutive equations are not developed specifically for low stress. Therefore, in order to form the physical bases for the development of creep damage constitutive equation, it is necessary to critically review the creep cavitation and rupture characteristics of low Cr alloy and its weldment.

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Section: The Cavity Nucleation and Growth At Type IV Weldment Zonementioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Creep Cavitation and Rupture of Low Cr Alloy and its Weldment

Pang

et al. 2013

AMR

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“…However, in the case of T23 material, PWHT cracking (reheat cracking) has been reported in the process of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) to mitigate the residual stress in the weld metal [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, much research has been conducted to analyze the cause of the formation of reheat cracks in 2.25Cr-1.6W steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, much research has been conducted to analyze the cause of the formation of reheat cracks in 2.25Cr-1.6W steel. Nawrocki et al explained that the cause of reheat cracking is due to the weakening of the grain boundary by (1) the Cr-depleted and W-depleted zones formed by the M 3 C and M 23 C 6 carbides of Fe, Cr, and W in the grain boundaries [12,13], (2) the precipitation of an incoherent intergranular carbide M3C at the boundaries [4,5], (3) the grain boundary segregation of the Al and P elements [11,12], and (4) transgranular strengthening by the homogeneous precipitation of a fine metal carbide containing the alloying elements V and Nb [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Austenite-to-Ferrite Phase Transformation at Grain Boundaries on PWHT Cracking Susceptibility in CGHAZ of T23 Steel

Lee

et al. 2018

Metals

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Abstract:The post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) cracking susceptibility of a coarse grain heat-affected zone (CGHAZ) in SA213-T23 (2.25Cr-1.6W steel) that was used for boiler tubes employed in thermal power plants was investigated using a Gleeble thermal cycle simulator. The PWHT cracking susceptibility test was performed at 650 • C, 700 • C, and 750 • C, and it can be judged that the lower the reduction of the area, the more susceptible it is to PWHT cracking. The results of the test also showed higher cracking susceptibility at 650 • C and 700 • C, which mostly involved intergranular fracture, while at 750 • C, transgranular fracture was exhibited. Therefore, the PWHT cracking susceptibility is considered to be closely related to grain boundary. The microstructure of the simulated CGHAZ and PWHT at 650 • C, 700 • C, and 750 • C was observed after etching with nital and alkaline sodium picrate etchants. Alkaline sodium picrate-etched microstructures showed a white band at the grain boundary at 650 • C, 700 • C, and 750 • C, which did not appear in nital etching. An analysis of the white band using an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), TEM, and nanoindentation revealed that it was intergranular ferrite depleted with C, W, and Cr as compared with that in the matrix. Based on these results, we investigated the mechanism of intergranular ferrite formation during PWHT and its effect on PWHT cracking susceptibility at 650 • C, 700 • C, and 750 • C.

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“…However, in the case of T23 material, PWHT cracking (reheat cracking) has been reported in the process of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) to mitigate the residual stress in the weld metal [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Therefore, much research has been conducted to analyze the cause of formation of reheat cracks in 2.25Cr-1.6W steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Austenite-to-Ferrite Phase Transformation at Grain Boundaries on PWHT Cracking Susceptibility in CGHAZ of T23 Steel

Lee¹,

Na²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract:The post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) cracking susceptibility of a coarse grain heataffected zone (CGHAZ) in SA213-T23 (2.25Cr-1.6W steel), used for boiler tubes employed in thermal power plants, was investigated using a Gleeble thermal cycle simulator. The PWHT cracking susceptibility test was performed at 650℃, 700℃ and 750℃, and it can be judged that the lower the reduce of area, the more susceptible it is to PWHT cracking. The results of the test also showed higher cracking susceptibility at 650℃ and 700℃, mostly involving intergranular fracture, while at 750 ℃ , transgranular fracture was exhibited. Therefore, the PWHT cracking susceptibility is considered to be closely related to grain boundary. The microstructure of the simulated CGHAZ and PWHT at 650℃, 700℃and 750℃ was observed after etching with nital and alkaline sodium picrate etchants. Alkaline sodium picrate etched microstructures showed a white band at the grain boundary at 650℃, 700℃ and 750, that did not appear in nital etching. Analysis of the white band using EPMA, TEM and nanoindentation revealed that it was intergranular ferrite depleted with C, W and Cr as compared to that in the matrix. Based on these results, we investigated the mechanism of intergranular ferrite formation during PWHT and its effect on PWHT cracking susceptibility at 650℃, 700℃ and 750℃.

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Stress Relief Cracking on the Weld of T/P 23 Steel

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Review of Creep Cavitation and Rupture of Low Cr Alloy and its Weldment

Review of Creep Cavitation and Rupture of Low Cr Alloy and its Weldment

Effect of Austenite-to-Ferrite Phase Transformation at Grain Boundaries on PWHT Cracking Susceptibility in CGHAZ of T23 Steel

Effect of Austenite-to-Ferrite Phase Transformation at Grain Boundaries on PWHT Cracking Susceptibility in CGHAZ of T23 Steel

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