“…12 In particular, Kupiec (1998) examines cross-market effects resulting from a market shock, while Alexander and Sheedy (2008) argue that due to this approach, promising nonetheless is being vulnerable to a considerable degree of model risks and back-testing methodologies should be performed in order to tackle the issues of misspecification. Moreover, Zayernyuk et al (2015) argue that the macroeconomic models used for stress testing barely take into account the full spectrum of shocks and risk factors and require satellite models, rather than focusing on specific financial variables. Foglia (2009) defines macro stress tests as the method that links macroeconomic drivers of stress with bank-specific measures of the credit risk.…”