Stressed state of the electrical insulation barrier in the wall structure of a thermonuclear reactor liquid-metal blanket

Techniques to Achieve Stretchable Photovoltaic Devices from Physically Non‐Stretchable Devices through Chemical Thinning and Stress‐Releasing Adhesive

“…The single‐lap structure can be analyzed using the shear–lag model [ 29,30 ] that assume the shear stress of interfaces is proportional to the displacement difference between top and bottom layers. [ 31 ] The shear stress of top interface τ 1 between the solar cell and silicone adhesive and bottom interface τ 2 between silicone adhesive and the PDMS substrate can be expressed as Equations () and () when l s = 0 and Equations () and () when l s > 0: $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{\tau _1} = \sqrt {{A_1}{A_2}} \alpha \delta \sin \beta \cos \beta \left( {\frac{{\sinh ({K_2}x)}}{{{K_2}\cosh ({K_2}l)}} - \frac{{\sinh ({K_1}x)}}{{{K_1}\cosh ({K_1}l)}}} \right), \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{}&{ - \left( {l + \frac{{{\delta _1}}}{2}} \right) \le x \le l + \frac{{{\delta _1}}}{2}}\end{array} }\end{array} \]$$ $$\[ \begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{\tau _2} = \alpha {A_1}\delta \left( {\frac{{{{\cos }^2}\beta \sinh ({K_1}x)}}{{{K_1}\cosh ({K_1}l)}} + \frac{{{{\sin }^2}\beta \sinh ({K_2}x)}}{{{K_2}\cosh ({K_2}l)}}} \right), \begin{array}{*{...$$…”

“…The single-lap structure can be analyzed using the shear-lag model [29,30] that assume the shear stress of interfaces is proportional to the displacement difference between top and bottom layers. [31] The shear stress of top interface τ 1 between the solar cell and silicone adhesive and bottom interface τ 2 between silicone adhesive and the PDMS substrate can be expressed as Equations ( 1) and (2) when l s = 0 and Equations ( 3) and (4) when l s > 0: in which A 1 and A 2 are constants, δ 1 and δ 2 are the silicone adhesive elongation under the external force when l s = 0 and l s > 0, respectively, δ is the PDMS substrate elongation under the external force, α is the calibration coefficient of the external force, K 1 , K 2 , K 3 and K 4 are the characteristic roots, and β is the standardized coefficient.…”

The Model for Estimating the Failure Mechanism of Tensioned Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Ceramic Hard Coating

“…Therefore, engineers must consider the properties of multilayer materials in the design and construction of coated components. The derivation of analytical equations that allow the determination of normal and shear stresses in a bilayer coating under applied tensile load to the substrate was already presented [50]. The coated substrate is subjected to a tensile load according to the developed model, as shown in Figure 1.…”

“…The shear stresses τ 1 (z) and τ 2 (z) are determined according to the following criteria, as shown in Equations ( 1) and (2) [50]:…”

“…where the coefficients S 1 , S 2 , β, k 1 , k 2 were determined earlier and are shown in [50], ε 0 is the substrate strain, h is the thickness, l is the characteristic size in the direction collinear to the action of principal stresses, and z is cross section along z axis.…”