Stressful Life Events Associated with Endogenous Depression

Cornell, Dewey G.; Milden, Randy S.; Shimp, Sally

doi:10.1097/00005053-198508000-00003

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Non-endogenous depressed patients reported a significantly greater number of recent stressful events than endogenous patients. One recent study obtained the same result (Cornell, Milden & Shimp, 1985) and another found a trend in the same direction (Dolan, Calloway, Fonagy, de Souza & Wakeling, 1985). Zimmerman, Coryell, Pfohl & Stangl (1986) obtained a significant difference using the Newcastle definition of endogenous depression (Carney, Roth & Garside, 1965), but not using the RDC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Endogenous and non‐endogenous depressions: Relations to life events, dysfunctional attitudes and event perceptions

Robins

Block

Peselow

1990

British J Clinic Psychol

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A comparison was made between endogenous and non-endogenous depressed patients on several characteristics on which they traditionally have been asserted to differ, and which play important roles in cognitive approaches to depression. The non-endogenous patients reported more dysfunctional attitudes and a greater number of recent life events than did endogenous patients. These results support the distinction between endogenous and non-endogenous depressions, and suggest that cognitive theories of aetiology may be more relevant for the latter group. However, both groups perceived their recent upsetting events in relatively maladaptive ways, consistent with the idea that biased perceptions are more related to the depressive state, whereas dysfunctional attitudes may represent a trait vulnerability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Endogenous and non‐endogenous depressions: Relations to life events, dysfunctional attitudes and event perceptions

Robins

Block

Peselow

1990

British J Clinic Psychol

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“…Interestingly, reduced REM sleep latency and increased REM sleep duration have also been observed in another model of depression, the chronic mild stress model (Moreau et al 1995). These findings indicate that both hypercholinergia and exposure to chronic mild stress, an environmental condition that has been hypothesized to lead to depression (Hammen and Cochran 1981;Kanner et al 1981;Anisman and Zacharko 1982;Cornell et al 1985;Breslau and Davis 1986;Kendler et al 1995a), induce this specific REM sleep abnormality. The potential role of acetylcholine neurotransmission in drug dependence has not been investigated as extensively as that of other neurotransmitter systems.…”

Section: Norepinephrine (Ne)mentioning

confidence: 75%

Neurobiological Similarities in Depression and Drug Dependence: A Self-Medication Hypothesis

Markou

1998

Neuropsychopharmacology

697

407

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Epidemiological and clinical data indicate high comorbidity between depression and drug dependence that may reflect an attempt to self-medicate with drugs of abuse. The present review examines whether these two psychiatric disorders are related by attempting to identify similarities in the neurobiology of depression and drug dependence. Emphasis is put on the neuromechanisms that may mediate specific core symptoms of both disorders that reflect alterations in reward and motivational processes. First, the epidemiological and clinical data on the comorbidity of the two disorders are reviewed briefly. Then, the neuroadaptations associated with psychomotor stimulant, opiate, ethanol, nicotine, and benzodiazepine dependence in animals are reviewed. Finally, the neurotransmitter systems whose function appears to be altered in depression (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, corticotropin releasing factor, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin), as revealed primarily by animal studies, are discussed. It is concluded that drug dependence and depression may be associated with alterations in some of the same neurotransmitter systems and, in particular, with alterations of neurotransmitter function in limbic-related brain structures. Thus, these two psychiatric disorders may be linked by some shared neurobiology. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether drug abuse and depression are different symptomatic expressions of the same preexisting neurobiological abnormalities, or whether repeated drug abuse leads to the abnormalities mediating depression (i.e., drug-induced depressions). The hypothesis of self-medication of non-drug- and drug-induced depressions with drugs of abuse is also discussed as a potentially important explanatory concept in understanding the observed clinical comorbidity of these two psychiatric disorders.

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“…A large number of clinical observations have suggested that stress could act as a predisposing factor in the onset of affective illness, especially depression [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of Learned Helplessness Test as a Model of Depression Compared to a Forced Swimming Test in Rats

Takamori

Yoshida

Okuyama³

2001

Pharmacology

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This study was designed to evaluate the antidepressant activity of various antidepressants using the learned helplessness test (LH) or the forced swimming test (FS) in rats. Repeated treatment of the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine (10 mg/kg, p.o.), clomipramine (0.625 mg/kg, p.o.), amitriptyline (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and amoxapine (20 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced the number of escape failures in the LH group, respectively. Repeated treatment of an atypical antidepressant, mianserin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg, p.o.), and one of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), fluvoxamine (1.25 mg/kg, p.o.), also reduced the number of escape failures in the LH group. In the FS, repeated treatment of imipramine (5, 10 mg/kg, p.o.), amitriptyline (5, 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and mianserin (10 mg/kg) significantly decreased the duration of immobility time. On the other hand, repeated treatment of amoxapine (5–20 mg/kg), clomipramine (0.1325–1.25 mg/kg, p.o.) and fluvoxamine (0.3125–1.25 mg/kg, p.o.) failed to decrease the duration of immobility time in the FS group. In conclusion, these results suggest that the LH group is sensitive to agents with a variety of antidepressant properties compared to the FS group in rats.

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Stressful Life Events Associated with Endogenous Depression

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Endogenous and non‐endogenous depressions: Relations to life events, dysfunctional attitudes and event perceptions

Endogenous and non‐endogenous depressions: Relations to life events, dysfunctional attitudes and event perceptions

Neurobiological Similarities in Depression and Drug Dependence: A Self-Medication Hypothesis

Availability of Learned Helplessness Test as a Model of Depression Compared to a Forced Swimming Test in Rats

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