Stressful Life Events During Pregnancy and Offspring Depression: Evidence From a Prospective Cohort Study

Kingsbury, Mila; Weeks, Murray; MacKinnon, Nathalie; Evans, Jonathan; Mahedy, Liam; Dykxhoorn, Jennifer; Colman, Ian

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.05.014

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Although a variety of studies have found that maternal stress during pregnancy is associated with adverse offspring outcomes similar to those found in depressed populations (Betts et al, 2015; Betts et al, 2014; Brown et al, 2000; Buss et al, 2011; Da Costa et al, 1998; Kingsbury et al, 2016; Pritchard and Teo, 1994; Shah et al, 2011; Watson et al, 1999), the present study did not find any independent associations between reported maternal stress during pregnancy and risk for offspring depression. Rather, the present study only found that maternal stress during pregnancy moderated the relation between infection during pregnancy and risk for offspring depression.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

“…However, another study that prospectively followed mothers and their children for a period of more than 20 years, found that high levels of maternal depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms (assessed via a 4-item, self-report inventory) during pregnancy were associated with offspring internalizing behavior problems in adolescence (Betts et al, 2014) and adulthood (Betts et al, 2015). These results were consistent with findings from another prospective population-based cohort that demonstrated an association between maternal exposure to stressful life events during early pregnancy and an increased risk for depression and elevated depressive symptoms in 17 to 18-year-old offspring (Kingsbury et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Importantly, the stress measures differed substantially from previous literature due to the qualitative nature of the assessment and unclear timing of the stress during pregnancy. It is possible that this contributed to the lack of findings regarding the main effect of stress or sex differences in offspring depressive symptoms, as these findings are inconsistent with other findings (Kingsbury et al, 2016; Sandman et al, 2013). Additionally, maternal interviews pertaining to reports of stressful experiences occurred predominantly in the second trimester; therefore, experiences of stress subsequent to the interview (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Maternal infection and stress during pregnancy and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring

Murphy

Fineberg

Maxwell

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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Maternal infection during pregnancy has been linked to increased risk of offspring depression. Additionally, maternal stress during pregnancy has been consistently linked with adverse offspring outcomes associated with depression. Relatedly, stress has been associated with increased risk of infection; however no study has investigated stress-infection interactions during pregnancy and risk for offspring depression. Participants were drawn from the Child Health and Development Study (CHDS), a prospective, longitudinal study that enrolled pregnant women from 1959-1966. Maternal health and birth outcome information were collected, as well as open-ended interviews about worrisome events during pregnancy. The present study included participants from a subsample of women whose offspring (n = 1,711) completed self-reports of depressive symptoms during adolescence. Results indicated that maternal infection during only the second trimester was associated with higher scores on adolescent offspring depressive symptoms, while controlling for maternal education at birth, adolescent age, and maternal depressive symptoms at adolescence. Maternal experiences of daily stress during pregnancy moderated this association, such that mothers diagnosed with second trimester infection and who experienced daily stress had offspring with significantly higher depression scores than mothers of adolescents diagnosed with an infection alone. Findings have potential implications for prevention and intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Maternal infection and stress during pregnancy and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring

Murphy

Fineberg

Maxwell

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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“…Prenatal depression was associated with increased odds of depression at age 12 regardless of child sex [37•]. In a second analysis from ALSPAC ( N = 9166), maternal PNLEs were positively associated with offspring depressive symptoms and diagnosis at age 17–18, with no evidence of sex dependence [22•]. Using data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort ( N = 1214), Herbison et al found that prenatal stress was positively associated with depression/anxiety symptoms at age 20 in male but not female offspring after adjusting for postnatal childhood stress trajectories [55].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Vulnerability to Prenatal Stress: a Review of the Recent Literature

Sutherland

Brunwasser

2018

Curr Psychiatry Rep

132

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Most articles (k = 35) found evidence of either sex-specific associations (significant in one sex but not the other) or significant PNMSstress interactions for at least one child health outcome. Evidence for sex-dependent effects was strongest in the group of studies evaluating child neural/nervous system development and temperament as outcomes. There is sufficient evidence of sex-dependent associations to recommend that researchers always consider the potential role of child sex in PNMS programming studies and report descriptive statistics for study outcomes stratified by child biological sex.

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“…I felt heartbroken because I really wanted this child. (ROSA,14)  Reactions of the child´s father in front of the pregnancy of the adolescent It was found that the partner's reactions to the adolescent's pregnancy ranged from immediate acceptance to the imposition of abortion. However, most of the adolescents in this study received support from the child's parent, even in cases where the love relationship was over, as illustrated below:…”

Section:  Family Reactions To Teenage Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Atitudes e reações familiares e sociais diante da gravidez na adolescência

Maranhão

Sales

Pereira³

et al. 2018

Rev enferm UFPE on line.

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Objective: to analyze family and social reactions to pregnancy in adolescence. Method: this is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study with 21 mothers from 14 to 19 years old. The interviews were carried out in five Basic Health Units, recorded and later transcribed to enable content analysis in the Thematic Analysis modality. Results: four categories emerged: << Family reactions to adolescent pregnancy >>; << Reactions of the child´s father in the pregnancy of the adolescent >>; << Reactions of friends and society in the adolescent pregnancy >>; << Social discrimination experienced by adolescents >>. Conclusion: the revelation of pregnancy in adolescence can generate ambiguous feelings ranging from surprise, acceptance, and joy to negative reactions characterized by verbal aggression, abortion imposition, refusal of paternity and distance from friends. Some young women reported having suffered discrimination from health professionals and their mothers' friends, viewed as a bad influence. Descriptors: Pregnancy in Adolescence; Family Conflict; Social Support; Family Relations; Interpersonal Relations; Nursing. RESUMOObjetivo: analisar as reações familiares e sociais diante da gravidez na adolescência. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, com 21 mães, dos 14 aos 19 anos de idade. As entrevistas foram realizadas em cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde, tendo sido gravadas e posteriormente transcritas para possibilitar a análise de conteúdo na modalidade Análise temática. Resultados: emergiram quatro categorias: << Reações familiares diante da gravidez na adolescência >>; << Reações do pai da criança diante da gravidez da adolescente >>; << Reações dos amigos e da sociedade diante da gravidez da adolescente >>; << Discriminação social vivenciada pelas adolescentes >>. Conclusão: a revelação da gravidez na adolescência pode gerar sentimentos ambíguos que variam desde a surpresa, aceitação e alegria até reações negativas caracterizadas por agressões verbais, imposição do aborto, recusa da paternidade e distanciamento dos amigos. Algumas jovens relataram ter sofrido discriminação de profissionais de saúde e de mães das amigas ao serem vistas como má influência. Descritores: Gravidez na Adolescência; Conflito Familiar; Apoio Social; Relações Familiares; Relações Interpessoais; Enfermagem. RESUMENObjetivo: analizar las reacciones familiares y sociales frente al embarazo en la adolescencia. Método: estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio con 21 madres, de los 14 a los 19 años de edad. Las entrevistas fueron realizadas en cinco Unidades Básicas de Salud, grabadas y posteriormente transcritas para posibilitar el análisis de contenido en la modalidad Análisis temático. Resultados: surgieron cuatro categorías: << Reacciones familiares frente al embarazo en la adolescencia >>; << Reacciones del padre del niño frente al embarazo del adolescente >>; << Reacciones de los amigos y de la sociedad frente al embarazo del adolescente >>; << Discriminación social vivida por las adolescentes >>. Conclusión:...

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Stressful Life Events During Pregnancy and Offspring Depression: Evidence From a Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract: These results provide support for the fetal programming hypothesis, demonstrating that prenatal exposure to acute stress is associated with offspring depression in adolescence. Stress management may be of benefit for expectant mothers.

Cited by 63 publications

References 46 publications

Maternal infection and stress during pregnancy and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring

Maternal infection and stress during pregnancy and depressive symptoms in adolescent offspring

Sex Differences in Vulnerability to Prenatal Stress: a Review of the Recent Literature

Atitudes e reações familiares e sociais diante da gravidez na adolescência

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