Stretchable, Electrochemically‐Stable Electrochromic Devices Based on Semi‐Embedded Ag@Au Nanowire Network

Abstract

Stretchable electrochromic (EC) devices that can adapt the irregular and dynamic human surfaces show promising applications in wearable display, adaptive camouflage, and visual sensation. However, challenges exist in lacking transparent conductive electrodes with both tensile and electrochemical stability to assemble the complex device structure and endure harsh electrochemical redox reactions. Herein, a wrinkled, semi‐embedded Ag@Au nanowire (NW) networks are constructed on elastomer substrates to fabricate stretchable, electrochemically‐stable conductive electrodes. The stretchable EC devices are then fabricated by sandwiching a viologen‐based gel electrolyte between two conductive electrodes with the semi‐embedded Ag@Au NW network. Because the inert Au layer inhibits the oxidation of Ag NWs, the EC device exhibits much more stable color changes between yellow and green than those with pure Ag NW networks. In addition, since the wrinkled semi‐embedded structure is deformable and reversibly stretched without serious fractures, the EC devices still maintain excellent color‐changing stability under 40% stretching/releasing cycles.

Tuning Electron Transfer in Pyrene-Based Two Dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks: Unveiling the Impact of Semi-isomerism on Physicochemical Properties

“…The response time was determined from measurements of ΔT%, i.e., the time required for the optical modulation ratio to reach 95% of their maximum. , The coloration time (t c ) and bleaching time (t b ) of the COFs film electrodes were calculated to be 0.29 s/2.1 and 0.72 s/3.8 s, respectively (Figure e). The SI-Py COFs exhibited a more pronounced response in both the colored and bleached states, which might be attributed to the shorter electron transfer path present in SI-Py COFs.…”

A Lithium‐Salt‐Free, Hydrophobic, Solid‐State Poly(Ionic Liquid) Electrolyte Enables Rapid Assembly of Unencapsulated, Removable Electrochromic “Window Tint Film”

“…[39,40] Electrochemical and optical tests were conducted employing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PE-DOT:PSS) as the EC layer fabricated by the spray coating method due to its simplicity, scalability, and precise film-thickness and composition control. [41,42] Considering that the interfacial adhesion is crucial for maintaining the EC layer's stability under complex applications, the adhesion of the EC layer was evaluated using the scribing method. As is shown in Figure S6 (Supporting Information), the EC layer shows intact grids on the conductive substrate and exhibits superior adhesion.…”

Wearable electrochromic materials and devices: from visible to infrared modulation

“…[100][101][102] Our group fabricated transparent, stretchable, and electrochemically stable conductive electrodes based on the wrinkled semiembedded Ag@Au core-shell nanowire (Ag@Au NW) network, which exhibited excellent electrochemical and mechanical stability due to the Au shell layer effectively inhibiting the oxidation of Ag NWs and the wrinkled semi-embedded structure highly reducing the fractures and slippage of Ag@Au NWs during the stretching process, respectively. 103 The stretchable EC devices were assembled by using the semi-embedded Ag@Au NW network as transparent electrodes and the viologen-based gel film as the EC gel electrolyte (Fig. 6f).…”