Striate cortex in humans demonstrates the relationship between activation and variations in visual form

Beason‐Held, Lori L.; Purpura, Keith P.; Krasuski, Jack S.; Desmond, Richard E.; Mangot, D; Daly, Eileen; Optican, Lance M.; Rapoport, Stanley I.; VanMeter, John W.

doi:10.1007/s002210050024

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Yu et al (Yu et al 2015) used a complementary strategy, examining neuronal responses in macaque V1 and V2 to responses to synthetic textures constructed to contain specific third- and fourth-order correlations. Neurons that responded differentially to these stimuli were rare in V1 (such neurons had been previously noted in the macaque (Purpura et al 1994) and functional imaging suggests their presence in man (Beason-Held et al 2000, Beason-Held et al 1998)), but were seen in approximately a third of the units in the supragranular layers of V2. Critically, neuronal responses were selective for the kinds of third- and fourth-order correlations that were perceptually salient.…”

Section: Physiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Textures as Probes of Visual Processing

Victor

Conte

Chubb

2017

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

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Visual textures are a class of stimuli with properties that make them well-suited for addressing general questions about visual function at the levels of behavior and neural mechanism. They have structure across multiple spatial scales, they put the focus on the inferential nature of visual processing, and they help bridge the gap between stimuli that are analytically convenient and the complex, naturalistic stimuli that have the greatest biological relevance. Key questions that are well-suited for analysis via visual textures include the nature and structure of perceptual spaces, modulation of early visual processing by task, and the transformation of sensory stimuli into patterns of population activity that are relevant to perception.

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Section: Physiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 72%

Textures as Probes of Visual Processing

Victor

Conte

Chubb

2017

Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.

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“…On the other hand, functional imaging studies (Tyler, et al, 2005) have revealed neural activation specific to symmetry processing in extrastriate visual areas with limited or no topographic mapping of the visual field. This is distinguished from processing of contrast and texture, which activates primary visual cortex, topographically mapped regions in the occipitotemporal stream, and fusiform areas (Beason-Held, et al, 2000). These differences in the neural sites at which symmetry and texture are analyzed are likely to correspond to the differences in the spatial and temporal properties of the VEPs that these stimuli elicit.…”

Section: Relation To Studies Of Glass Patterns; Neural Correlates-inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional imaging studies have revealed neural activation specific to symmetry processing in extrastriate visual areas with limited or no topographic mapping of the visual field (Tyler, Baseler, Kontsevich, Likova, Wade & Wandell, 2005). In contrast, processing of contrast and texture activates primary visual cortex, topographically mapped regions in the occipitotemporal stream, and fusiform areas (Beason-Held, Purpura, Krasuski, Maisog, Daly, Mangot, Desmond, Optican, Schapiro and VanMeter, 1998;Beason-Held, Purpura, Krasuski, Desmond, Mangot, Daly, Optican, Rapoport, & VanMeter, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

VEPs elicited by local correlations and global symmetry: Characteristics and interactions

et al. 2007

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Psychophysical and fMRI studies have indicated that visual processing of global symmetry has distinctive scaling properties, and proceeds more slowly than analysis of contrast, spatial frequency, and texture. We therefore undertook a visual evoked potential (VEP) study to directly compare the dynamics of symmetry and texture processing, and to determine the extent to which they interact. Stimuli consisted of interchange between structured and random black-and-white checkerboard stimuli. For symmetry, structured stimuli were colored with 2-fold symmetry (horizontal or vertical mirror), 4-fold symmetry (both mirror axes), and 8-fold symmetry (oblique mirror axes added). For texture, structured stimuli were colored according to the "even" isodipole texture [Julesz, B., Gilbert, E. N., & Victor, J. D. (1978). Visual discrimination of textures with identical third-order statistics. Biological Cybernetics, 31, 137-140]. Thus, all stimuli had the same contrast, and check size, but differed substantially in correlation structure. To separate components of the VEP related to symmetry and texture from components that could be generated by local luminance and contrast changes, we extracted the odd-harmonic components of the VEP (recorded at C(z)-O(z), C(z)-O(1), C(z)-O(2), C(z)-P(z)) elicited by structured-random interchange. Responses to symmetry were largest for the 8-fold patterns, and progressively smaller for 4-fold, vertical, and horizontal symmetry patterns. Eightfold patterns were therefore used in the remainder of the study. The symmetry response is shifted to larger checks and lower temporal frequencies compared to the response to texture, and its temporal tuning is broader. Processing of symmetry makes use of neural mechanisms with larger receptive fields, and slower, more sustained temporal tuning characteristics than those involved in the analysis of texture. Sparse stimuli were used to dissociate check size and check density. VEP responses to sparse symmetry stimuli showed that there is no difference between first- and second-order symmetry for densities less than 12.5%. We discuss these findings in relation to local and global visual processes.

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“…The results of some non parametric models that could be neurally implemented confirm that fourth, but not second order correlations are required to distinguish these texture classes (Maddess and Nagai 2001;Maddess et al 2007). Differential sensitivity to the higher order components of isotrigon textures has been demonstrated in studies using several methods including: VEPs (Victor 1985;Victor and Conte 1991;Victor and Zemon 1985), fMRI (Beason-Held et al 2000;Beason-Held et al 1998a), PET (Beason-Held et al 1998b), and single cell recordings of primate visual cortex (Purpura et al 1994;Victor and Purpura 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Discrimination of complex form by simple oscillator networks

Nagai

Taylor

Loh

et al. 2009

Network: Computation in Neural Systems

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Natural images are rich in higher order spatial correlations. Brain scanning, psychophysics and electrophysiology indicate that humans are sensitive to these image properties. A useful tool for exploring this sense is the set of isotrigon textures. Like natural images these textures have low dimensionality relative to random images, but like random images contain no average structure in their first to third order correlation functions. Thus, the structured appearance of these textures results from higher order correlations. One way to generate the higher order products inherent in higher order correlations is recursive nonlinear processing. We therefore decided to examine if very small oscillator networks could produce a profile of activity that matches human isotrigon discrimination performance across 53 isotrigon texture types. Human performance was measured in 23 subjects. The two best network types found contained as few as 4 oscillators. The input oscillators are of a novel cubic form and the final readout oscillator was a logistic oscillator. Mean readout oscillator activity matched human performance reasonably well even though the network parameters were fixed for all 53 texture types. Overall it appears that relatively simple, short range, and biologically plausible, recursive processing could provide the basis for discrimination of complex form.

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Striate cortex in humans demonstrates the relationship between activation and variations in visual form

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Textures as Probes of Visual Processing

Textures as Probes of Visual Processing

VEPs elicited by local correlations and global symmetry: Characteristics and interactions

Discrimination of complex form by simple oscillator networks

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