String theory and cosmic connection during super plastic flow

Abstract

The objective of this work is to describe the string theory and cosmic connection during super plastic flow in spatially extended polycrystalline systems (SEPCS), where the phenomenology and mechanics of the crystalline structure of the universe in a relativistic framework at Max Planck scale plays an important role. According to string theory as the unified theory of every thing, dislocations dynamics is related in nature form with the string theory. Consequently, dislocations at Max Plank scale are the universal way of working of every thing. In this physical framework, the theoretical model of Muñoz-Andrade allows obtained the activation energy for super plastic flow in SEPCS. Finally, the main results of this work are analyzed in the context of the unified interpretation of string theory as cosmic connection during Hubble flow, plastic flow and super plastic flow.

Effect of quantum mechanics and relativistic frequency parameter on hot deformation behaviour of CoCrFeMnNiC0.5high entropy Alloy

“…The natural wavelength, , associated with the Muñoz-Andrade quantum-mechanics and relativistic frequency parameter M is obtained by using the equation (5). The values of are in the range between 0.346μm and 0.509μm, such range is in a closed agreement with the width of the microbands (MBs) formed inside of grains during hot deformation processes of CoCrFeMnNiC0.5 HEA.…”

“…In this context, quantum mechanics and special theory of relativity play a fundamental role in explaining the mechanical behaviour of metallic materials, which can be considered as spatially extended physical systems [1][2][3][4]. In this framework, a physical theory of plastic deformation in spatially polycrystalline systems is used in order to understand the nature of the irreversible deformation of metallic materials on several thermomechanical conditions [4][5][6][7].…”

“…It is essential to contemplate that during high temperature metalworking processes, the deformation rate and microstructure play a significant role in the phenomenology and mechanics of dynamic recrystallization and recovery behaviours associated with their corresponding activation energy (Q) that contributes to the activation of the main irreversible deformation mechanisms, such as dislocation movement, dislocation cell formation, sub-grain formation slip bands, recrystallization, grain boundary sliding, cooperative grain boundary sliding and crystals self-accommodating process. In these situations, the quantum-mechanical-relativistic model (QM-RM) proposed by Muñoz-Andrade [4][5][6][7][8] allows to obtain the true Q, of metallic materials during metalworking processes, it is expressed by the follow equation, which follows with the property that mass and energy in the universe are always positive, obeying the law of universal movement:…”

“…Correspondingly, it is necessary to established the natural correlation that exists between the quantum mechanics and relativistic frequency parameter (M) parameter proposed by Muñoz-Andrade and the deformation mechanisms during thermomechanical processes in metallic materials. Where M is specified by: (4) Additionally, from Muñoz-Andrade frequency parameter M, it is possible to determine the nature wavelength ( ) associated with main deformation mechanisms in metallic materials as follow equation: (5) Where, c is the speed of light (c= 299792458 m/s). Therefore, it is important to consider that habitually, in a systematic analysis and research on thermomechanical irreversible deformation processes of metallic materials, the frequency parameter (Z) proposed by Zener-Hollomon [9][10] is used and can be obtained by: (6) Where is the strain rate, s − 1 ; Q is the activation energy, J/mol; T is the absolute temperature of deformation, K; R is the gas constant, 8.314 J/mol K. Recently, in this context, the effect of Zener-Hollomon frequency parameter Z on hot deformation behavior of CoCrFeMnNiC0.5 high entropy alloy (HEA) was studied in [9].…”

Influence of Grain Size and Thermo-Mechanical Conditions on the Activation Energy for Super Plastic Flow in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

“…In this scenery, we need universal laws to describe the phenomenology and mechanics of super plastic flow (SPF) in advanced materials, also named spatially extended physical systems [1], in agreement with the Big-Bang theory. Such considerations, allows that Muñoz-Andrade proposed the quantum mechanics and relativistic model (QM-RM) to determinate the activation energy for SPF in AM [2][3][4][5]. The follow equation represent such model:…”