Strip cropping of alternating perennial grass–clover and annual rye–vetch intercrops when grown within an organic farming system

Hauggaard-Nielsen, Henrik; Johansen, Anders; Carter, Mette S.; Jensen, Erik Steen

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.003

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Overseeding with a companion grass species may further the aesthetic value of mixed grass-white clover swards by providing year-round green turf and may help to better synchronize N mineralization and cycling for warm-season turfgrass demands. Intercropping with companion species is a means of capturing excess soil nutrients such as N and phosphorus, thus preventing them from entering ground and surface waters (Hauggaard-Nielsen et al, 2012;Martinez and Guiraud, 1990). Because cooland warm-season grasses differ in growth cycles, an additional benefit of companion species may be that cool-season grasses act as a ''catch crop'' for fixed N, only to later contribute that N to the associated warmseason turf through decomposition of aboveand below-ground plant parts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Clover (Trifolium repens) Establishment within Dormant Bermudagrass Turf: Cultural Considerations, Establishment Timing, Seeding Rate, and Cool-season Companion Grass Species

McCurdy¹,

McElroy²,

Guertal³

2013

horts

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White clover (Trifolium repens L.) inclusion is a proposed means of increasing the sustainability of certain low-maintenance turfgrass scenarios through increased pollinator habitat and as a result of the legume’s ability to biologically fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). Proper white clover establishment is key to maximizing stand uniformity and N contribution to associated grasses. However, there are few guidelines for white clover establishment within warm-season turfgrasses. Four studies were conducted to evaluate seeded white clover establishment within a dormant hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] lawn as affected by 1) pre-seeding mechanical surface disruption; 2) establishment timing; 3) seeding rate; and 4) companion grass species. White clover establishment was improved by scalping before October seeding, but these effects were not further enhanced by the addition of verticutting or hollow tine aerification. Unscalped turfgrass yielded nearly 50% lower white clover densities than those scalped before seeding, possibly as a result of decreased seed-to-soil contact and increased bermudagrass competition. January and February establishment dates generally yielded the lowest spring clover densities, whereas October timing yielded superior establishment. Clover densities resulting from six seeding rates (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.5, 3.0, and 6.0 g live seed/m2) were fit to the linear model (y = y0 + axb, where y equals trifoliate leaves/m2 and x is equal to initial seeding rate). An important feature of this model was that it accurately represented the diminishing response of increasing seeding rate. Clover establishment was negatively correlated with companion grass densities with the largest densities occurring when planted with tall fescue and the smallest when planted with annual ryegrass. Ultimately, scalping alone or in combination with other mechanical surface disruption should be paired with a clover variety acceptable to the height of cut and the environmental conditions of individual scenarios. Likewise, seeding rates and the decision to include a cool-season companion grass species will be dependent on the use of a turf and the desired green cover.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Clover (Trifolium repens) Establishment within Dormant Bermudagrass Turf: Cultural Considerations, Establishment Timing, Seeding Rate, and Cool-season Companion Grass Species

McCurdy¹,

McElroy²,

Guertal³

2013

horts

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“…In this study, we aim to evaluate the energy balance over crops which have rarely been studied, such as rapeseed (Guy et al, 2014) or rye (Hauggaard-Nielsen et al, 2012). The use of rapeseed and other crops as feedstock for biofuel production has increased in recent years as an alternative to fossil fuels (Xue et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%