Zwitterionic
polymers have extraordinary properties, that is, significant
hydration and the so-called antipolyelectrolyte effect, which make
them suitable for biomedical applications. The hydration induces an
antifouling effect, and this has been investigated significantly.
The antipolyelectrolyte effect refers to the extraordinary ion-responsive
behavior of particular polymers that swell and hydrate considerably
in physiological solutions. This actuation begins to attract attention
to achieve in vivo antifouling that is challenging
for general polyelectrolytes. In this study, we established the sophisticated
cornerstone of the antipolyelectrolyte effect in detail, including
(i) the essential parameters, (ii) experimental verifications, and
(iii) effect of improving antifouling performance. First, we find
that both osmotic force and charge screening are essential factors.
Second, we identify the antipolyelectrolyte effect by visualizing
the swelling and hydration dynamics. Finally, we verify that the antifouling
performance can be enhanced by exploiting the antipolyelectrolyte
effect and report reduction of 85% and 80% in ex and in vivo biofilm formation, respectively.