Strong Seasonality and Interannual Recurrence in Marine Myovirus Communities

Pagarete, António; Chow, Cheryl Emiliane T.; Johannessen, Torill Vik; Fuhrman, Jed A.; Thingstad, T. Frede; Sandaa, Ruth Anne

doi:10.1128/aem.01075-13

Cited by 37 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Most of these persistent OTUs were classified to Prymnesiales (eight OTUs), an order including several mixotrophic species known to survive even when light conditions are too low for photosynthesis [3]. A high degree of preservation and recurrence of virus-genotypes through the years have previously been observed for myovirus-like viruses [46], but this is the first observation for algal viruses. These year-long observations are contrasting and complementary to previous studies demonstrating clear boom and bust patterns for abundant algae and their viruses [15,53,61].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Johannessen

Larsen

Bratbak

et al. 2017

Viruses

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Viruses influence the ecology and diversity of phytoplankton in the ocean. Most studies of phytoplankton host–virus interactions have focused on bloom-forming species like Emiliania huxleyi or Phaeocystis spp. The role of viruses infecting phytoplankton that do not form conspicuous blooms have received less attention. Here we explore the dynamics of phytoplankton and algal viruses over several sequential seasons, with a focus on the ubiquitous and diverse phytoplankton division Haptophyta, and their double-stranded DNA viruses, potentially with the capacity to infect the haptophytes. Viral and phytoplankton abundance and diversity showed recurrent seasonal changes, mainly explained by hydrographic conditions. By 454 tag-sequencing we revealed 93 unique haptophyte operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with seasonal changes in abundance. Sixty-one unique viral OTUs, representing Megaviridae and Phycodnaviridae, showed only distant relationship with currently isolated algal viruses. Haptophyte and virus community composition and diversity varied substantially throughout the year, but in an uncoordinated manner. A minority of the viral OTUs were highly abundant at specific time-points, indicating a boom-bust relationship with their host. Most of the viral OTUs were very persistent, which may represent viruses that coexist with their hosts, or able to exploit several host species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Johannessen

Larsen

Bratbak

et al. 2017

Viruses

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“…A recent report suggests that marine Thaumarchaea may also be infected by these myoviruses (Labonté et al, 2015). As assessed by molecular fingerprinting studies of g23, the T4-likemyovirus community composition can be relatively stable over days to weeks, for example, during summer (Needham et al, 2013), but with seasonally distinctive communities over months to years (Chow and Fuhrman, 2012;Pagarete et al, 2013;Goldsmith et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological dynamics and co-occurrence among marine phytoplankton, bacteria and myoviruses shows microdiversity matters

2017

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Numerous ecological processes, such as bacteriophage infection and phytoplankton-bacterial interactions, often occur via strain-specific mechanisms. Therefore, studying the causes of microbial dynamics should benefit from highly resolving taxonomic characterizations. We sampled daily to weekly over 5 months following a phytoplankton bloom off Southern California and examined the extent of microdiversity, that is, significant variation within 99% sequence similarity clusters, operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of bacteria, archaea, phytoplankton chloroplasts (all via 16S or intergenic spacer (ITS) sequences) and T4-like-myoviruses (via g23 major capsid protein gene sequence). The extent of microdiversity varied between genes (ITS most, g23 least) and only temporally common taxa were highly microdiverse. Overall, 60% of taxa exhibited microdiversity; 59% of these had subtypes that changed significantly as a proportion of the parent taxon, indicating ecologically distinct taxa. Pairwise correlations between prokaryotes and myoviruses or phytoplankton (for example, highly microdiverse Chrysochromulina sp.) improved when using single-base variants. Correlations between myoviruses and SAR11 increased in number (172 vs 9, Spearman>0.65) and became stronger (0.61 vs 0.58, t-test: P<0.001) when using SAR11 ITS single-base variants vs OTUs. Whole-community correlation between SAR11 and myoviruses was much improved when using ITS single-base variants vs OTUs, with Mantel rho=0.49 vs 0.27; these results are consistent with strain-specific interactions. Mantel correlations suggested >1 μm (attached/large) prokaryotes are a major myovirus source. Consideration of microdiversity improved observation of apparent host and virus networks, and provided insights into the ecological and evolutionary factors influencing the success of lineages, with important implications to ecosystem resilience and microbial function.

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“…While these concepts have been useful for describing the distribution of viruses in a given sample, our perception of the relationship between temporal abundance variation of marine viruses and host interaction remains largely obscure. Currently only a few environmental studies of diel patterns in marine viruses (18,19,22) and seasonality effects on viral communities (21,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) have been reported, and none of these incorporate both diel and seasonal time-scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rising through the Ranks: Seasonal and Diel Patterns of Marine Viruses

Hevroni

Flores‐Uribe²,

Béjà

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Virus-microbe interactions have been studied in great molecular details for many years in cultured model systems, yielding a plethora of knowledge on how viruses use and manipulate host machinery. Since the advent of molecular techniques and high-throughput sequencing, viruses have been deemed the most abundant organisms on earth and methods such as cooccurrence, nucleotide composition and other statistical frameworks have been widely used to infer virus-microbe interactions, overcoming the limitations of culturing methods. However, their accuracy and relevance is still debatable, as co-occurrence does not necessarily mean interaction. Here, we introduce an ecological perspective of marine viral communities and potential interaction with their hosts, using analyses that make no prior assumptions on specific virus-host pairs. By size fractioning water samples into "free viruses" and "microbes" (i.e. also viruses inside or attached to their hosts) and looking at how viral groups abundance changes over time along both fractions, we show that the viral community is undergoing a change in rank abundance across seasons, suggesting a seasonal succession of viruses in the Red Sea. We use abundance patterns in the different size fractions to classify viral populations, indicating potential diverse interactions with their hosts and potential differences in life history traits between major viral groups. Finally, we show hourly resolved variations of intracellular abundance of similar viral groups, which might indicate differences in their infection cycles or metabolic capacities. marine viruses | seasonal succession | virus-host interaction | diel oscillation

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Strong Seasonality and Interannual Recurrence in Marine Myovirus Communities

Cited by 37 publications

References 66 publications

Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Seasonal Dynamics of Haptophytes and dsDNA Algal Viruses Suggest Complex Virus-Host Relationship

Ecological dynamics and co-occurrence among marine phytoplankton, bacteria and myoviruses shows microdiversity matters

Rising through the Ranks: Seasonal and Diel Patterns of Marine Viruses

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