Strong shifts in microbial community structure are associated with increased litter input rather than temperature in High Arctic soils

Adamczyk, Magdalene; Perez-Mon, Carla; Gunz, Samuel; Frey, Beat

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2020.108054

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…For the analysis of bacterial and fungal α-diversities, the observed richness (number of OTUs) and Shannon diversity index were estimated based on OTU abundance matrices rarefied to the lowest number of sequences (Adamczyk et al, 2020), using the R package phyloseq (v1.32; McMurdie and Holmes, 2013). To assess the main and interactive effects of soil depth, tree species and substrate (soil or root) on α-diversities, a three-way ANOVA was performed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

et al. 2021

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Soil microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi play important roles in the biogeochemical cycling of soil nutrients, because they act as decomposers or are mutualistic or antagonistic symbionts, thereby influencing plant growth and health. In the present study, we investigated the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome to a depth of 2 m in Swiss drought-exposed forests of European beech and oaks on calcareous bedrock. We aimed to disentangle the effects of soil depth, tree (beech, oak), and substrate (soil, roots) on microbial abundance, diversity, and community structure. With increasing soil depth, organic carbon, nitrogen, and clay content decreased significantly. Similarly, fine root biomass, microbial biomass (DNA content, fungal abundance), and microbial alpha-diversity decreased and were consequently significantly related to these physicochemical parameters. In contrast, bacterial abundance tended to increase with soil depth, and the bacteria to fungi ratio increased significantly with greater depth. Tree species was only significantly related to the fungal Shannon index but not to the bacterial Shannon index. Microbial community analyses revealed that bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly across the soil layers, more strongly for bacteria than for fungi. Both communities were also significantly affected by tree species and substrate. In deep soil layers, poorly known bacterial taxa from Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Rokubacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Firmicutes and GAL 15 were overrepresented. Furthermore, archaeal phyla such as Thaumarchaeota and Euryarchaeota were more abundant in subsoils than topsoils. Fungal taxa that were predominantly found in deep soil layers belong to the ectomycorrhizal Boletus luridus and Hydnum vesterholtii. Both taxa are reported for the first time in such deep soil layers. Saprotrophic fungal taxa predominantly recorded in deep soil layers were unknown species of Xylaria. Finally, our results show that the microbial community structure found in fine roots was well represented in the bulk soil. Overall, we recorded poorly known bacterial and archaeal phyla, as well as ectomycorrhizal fungi that were not previously known to colonize deep soil layers. Our study contributes to an integrated perspective on the vertical distribution of the soil microbiome at a fine spatial scale in drought-exposed forests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

et al. 2021

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“…At a later stage, however, respiration rates decreased over time, likely due to the depletion of N, P and other nutrients in these nutrient‐poor PF soils (Blagodatskaya and Kuzyakov, 2008). Rapidly increasing respiration rates after the amendment of labile carbon sources with further decrease over time have similarly been observed in arctic permafrost (Adamczyk et al ., 2020) and in nutrient‐poor soils of an alpine glacier forefield (Zumsteg et al ., 2013; Rime et al ., 2016b). The rapid increase in heterotrophic respiration might be the result of an increase in opportunistic microorganisms that are specialized in decomposing readily available substrates, as previously reported by De Graaff et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This drop in alpha diversity was further accompanied by significant shifts in bacterial beta diversity. The changes in bacterial alpha and beta diversity were likely the result of an expansion of fast‐growing copiotrophic bacteria and the competitive exclusion of others (Fierer et al ., 2007; Adamczyk et al ., 2020). Strong shifts in bacterial community structure due to readily available nutrients have been already reported in various studies (Brant et al ., 2006; Cleveland et al ., 2007; Eilers et al ., 2010; Goldfarb et al ., 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The genus Massilia (Proteobacteria) increased in active layer soils of both aspects. This genus, commonly found in terrestrial cryoenvironments (Rime et al ., 2016b; Adamczyk et al ., 2020; Perez‐Mon et al ., 2020), has been described to consist of mainly copiotrophic bacteria, which might be more competitive than others in using labile substrates for microbial growth (Rime et al ., 2016b; Su et al ., 2020). The phylum Bacteroidetes increased significantly in both active layers NW and SE in response to AREs, particularly the genus Pedobacter in NW soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These LMW‐C compounds are released into the soil through root exudation and via leaching of litter, and can be readily metabolized by soil microbial communities (Eilers et al ., 2010). Studies have shown that an increase in readily available carbon leads to shifts in taxonomic and functional traits of soil microbial communities (Cheng and Kuzyakov, 2005; Eilers et al ., 2010; Koyama et al ., 2014; Ridl et al ., 2016; Adamczyk et al ., 2020). Copiotrophic traits such as low resource efficiency, fast growth and metabolic versatility allow microorganisms to respond quickly to an increase in labile substrates and be more resilient to disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Root exudates increase soil respiration and alter microbial community structure in alpine permafrost and active layer soils

Adamczyk

Rüthi

Frey

2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Due to climate warming, alpine ecosystems are changing rapidly. Ongoing upward migrations of plants and thus an increase of easily decomposable substrates will strongly affect the soil microbiome. To understand how belowground communities will respond to such changes, we set up an incubation experiment with permafrost and active soil layers from northern (NW) and southern (SE) slopes of a mountain ridge on Muot da Barba Peider in the Swiss Alps and incubated them with or without artificial root exudates (AREs) at two temperatures, 4 C or 15 C. The addition of AREs resulted in elevated respiration across all soil types. Bacterial and fungal alpha diversity decreased significantly, coinciding with strong shifts in microbial community structure in ARE-treated soils. These shifts in bacterial community structure were driven by an increased abundance of fast-growing copiotrophic taxa. Fungal communities were predominantly affected by AREs in SE active layer soils and shifted towards fastgrowing opportunistic yeast. In contrast, in the colder NW facing active layer and permafrost soils fungal communities were more influenced by temperature changes. These findings demonstrate the sensitivity of soil microbial communities in high alpine ecosystems to climate change and how shifts in these communities may lead to functional changes impacting biogeochemical processes.

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Reshaping of the soil microbiome by the expansion of invasive plants: shifts in structure, diversity, co-occurrence, niche breadth, and assembly processes

Song

et al. 2022

Plant Soil

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Strong shifts in microbial community structure are associated with increased litter input rather than temperature in High Arctic soils

Cited by 38 publications

References 86 publications

Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

Deep Soil Layers of Drought-Exposed Forests Harbor Poorly Known Bacterial and Fungal Communities

Root exudates increase soil respiration and alter microbial community structure in alpine permafrost and active layer soils

Reshaping of the soil microbiome by the expansion of invasive plants: shifts in structure, diversity, co-occurrence, niche breadth, and assembly processes

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