Strongly Coupled Nafion Molecules and Ordered Porous CdS Networks for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Zheng, Xueli; Song, Ji-Peng; Ling, Tao; Hu, Zhenpeng; Yin, Pengfei; Davey, Kenneth; Du, Xi‐Wen; Qiao, Shi Zhang

doi:10.1002/adma.201600437

Cited by 101 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…

Thereafter, the photocatalytic degrada tion of polychlorobiphenyls [2] and photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon compounds [3] in aqueous semiconductor suspensions greatly broad ened the applications of photocatalysis. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

2,169

937

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Thereafter, the photocatalytic degrada tion of polychlorobiphenyls [2] and photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon compounds [3] in aqueous semiconductor suspensions greatly broad ened the applications of photocatalysis. Although the photocatalytic technology has got worldwide attention for its eco nomic, clean, safe, and renewable charac teristics, the photocatalytic performance of currently known photocatalysts is still far from commercial applications, especially in solartofuel conversion. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes. First, the semiconductor photocatalysts absorb effective photons whose energy (h v ) is equal to or above their bandgap (E g ), resulting in the generation of electronhole pairs. Second, the photogenerated charge carriers separate and transfer to the surface of photocatalysts. Third, the photogenerated electrons and holes partic ipate in reactions of substances adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalysts. [12,13] Thus, the improvements of the three aforementioned processes play impor tant roles in enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Light absorption is the first essential step of photocatalysis process. The traditional anatase phase TiO 2 photocatalyst is active only under UV light with wavelength below 387 nm due to its wide bandgap (3.2 eV). However, solar energy is mainly concentrated in the visible light region, and UV light accounts for less than 4% of the solar spectrum. [7] In order to achieve maximum utilization efficiency of solar energy, the exploration of visiblelightresponsive photo catalysts is an urgent task. Graphitic carbon nitride (gC 3 N 4 ) as a promising visiblelightresponsive photocatalyst has received worldwide attention due to its fascinating merits, such as moderate bandgap (≈2.7 eV), proper electronic band structure, nontoxicity, low cost, good stability, and easy preparation. [14][15][16][17][18] Since the first report on photocatalytic H 2 evolution over gC 3 N 4 by Wang et al. in 2009, [19] research endeavors toward improving the photocatalytic performance of gC 3 N 4 based photocatalysts have formed a forefront of photocatalysis research. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Bulk gC 3 N 4 powder can be prepared by the thermal poly condensation of lowcost nitrogencontaining organic pre cursors, e.g., urea, thiourea, melamine, cyanamide, dicyan diamide, guanidine hydrochloride, and so on. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The pure bulk gC 3 N 4 prepared by this method suffers from several shortcomings, including low specific surface area, insufficient visible light utilization, and, particularly, rapid recombination Photocatalysis is considered as one of the promising routes to solve the energy and environmental crises by utilizing solar energy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted worldwide attention due to its visible-light activity, facile synthesis from low-cost materials, chemical stability, and unique layered structure. However, the pure g-C 3 N 4 photocatalys...

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“…

Thereafter, the photocatalytic degrada tion of polychlorobiphenyls [2] and photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon compounds [3] in aqueous semiconductor suspensions greatly broad ened the applications of photocatalysis. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Wang

Jiang

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

2,169

937

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Thereafter, the photocatalytic degrada tion of polychlorobiphenyls [2] and photo electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 into hydrocarbon compounds [3] in aqueous semiconductor suspensions greatly broad ened the applications of photocatalysis. Although the photocatalytic technology has got worldwide attention for its eco nomic, clean, safe, and renewable charac teristics, the photocatalytic performance of currently known photocatalysts is still far from commercial applications, especially in solartofuel conversion. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Generally, the photocatalytic reactions can be divided into three basic processes. First, the semiconductor photocatalysts absorb effective photons whose energy (h v ) is equal to or above their bandgap (E g ), resulting in the generation of electronhole pairs. Second, the photogenerated charge carriers separate and transfer to the surface of photocatalysts. Third, the photogenerated electrons and holes partic ipate in reactions of substances adsorbed on the surface of the photocatalysts. [12,13] Thus, the improvements of the three aforementioned processes play impor tant roles in enhancing the photocatalytic performance. Light absorption is the first essential step of photocatalysis process. The traditional anatase phase TiO 2 photocatalyst is active only under UV light with wavelength below 387 nm due to its wide bandgap (3.2 eV). However, solar energy is mainly concentrated in the visible light region, and UV light accounts for less than 4% of the solar spectrum. [7] In order to achieve maximum utilization efficiency of solar energy, the exploration of visiblelightresponsive photo catalysts is an urgent task. Graphitic carbon nitride (gC 3 N 4 ) as a promising visiblelightresponsive photocatalyst has received worldwide attention due to its fascinating merits, such as moderate bandgap (≈2.7 eV), proper electronic band structure, nontoxicity, low cost, good stability, and easy preparation. [14][15][16][17][18] Since the first report on photocatalytic H 2 evolution over gC 3 N 4 by Wang et al. in 2009, [19] research endeavors toward improving the photocatalytic performance of gC 3 N 4 based photocatalysts have formed a forefront of photocatalysis research. [20][21][22][23][24][25] Bulk gC 3 N 4 powder can be prepared by the thermal poly condensation of lowcost nitrogencontaining organic pre cursors, e.g., urea, thiourea, melamine, cyanamide, dicyan diamide, guanidine hydrochloride, and so on. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] The pure bulk gC 3 N 4 prepared by this method suffers from several shortcomings, including low specific surface area, insufficient visible light utilization, and, particularly, rapid recombination Photocatalysis is considered as one of the promising routes to solve the energy and environmental crises by utilizing solar energy. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has attracted worldwide attention due to its visible-light activity, facile synthesis from low-cost materials, chemical stability, and unique layered structure. However, the pure g-C 3 N 4 photocatalys...

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“…Hydrogen generation through the splitting of water by photocatalysis has been considered as a promising solution to the current energy and environmental dilemma 2. In the past decades, various semiconductors, such as TiO 2 ,3 CdS,4 ZnO,5 C 3 N 4 ,6 and WO 3 ,7 were used to water splitting by harnessing solar energy 8. Among these materials, TiO 2 , a kind of semiconductor with a band gap of 3.0–3.2 eV, has been considered as one of promising candidates for photocatalytic H 2 generation owing to its excellent stability and low cost 9…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laminated Hybrid Junction of Sulfur‐Doped TiO₂ and a Carbon Substrate Derived from Ti₃C₂ MXenes: Toward Highly Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

et al. 2018

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TiO2 is an ideal photocatalyst candidate except for its large bandgap and fast charge recombination. A novel laminated junction composed of defect‐controlled and sulfur‐doped TiO2 with carbon substrate (LDC‐S‐TiO2/C) is synthesized using the 2D transition metal carbides (MXenes) as a template to enhance light absorption and improve charge separation. The prepared LDC‐S‐TiO2/C catalyst delivers a high photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of 333 µmol g−1 h−1 with a high apparent quantum yield of 7.36% at 400 nm and it is also active even at 600 nm, resulting into a 48 time activity compared with L‐TiO2/C under visible light irradiation. Further theoretical modeling calculation indicates that such novel approach also reduces activation energy of hydrogen production apart from broadening the absorption wavelength, facilitating charge separation, and creating a large surface area substrate. This synergic effect can also be applied to other photocatalysts' modification. The study provides a novel approach for synthesis defective metal oxides based hybrids and broaden the applications of MXene family.

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“…[1][2] The rational design and fabrication of suitable photoanode materials are crucial for achieving efficient PEC water splitting system. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] However, many studies have revealed that the PEC activity of pure CdS is severely limited because of the highly photogenerated carrier recombination. [6][7][8][9] The PEC application of CdS has been intensively studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Band Alignment Engineering of CdS/TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆ Trilayer Nanoflake Array for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Chen

Tian

et al. 2019

ChemElectroChem

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Designing photoanode materials with desirable architecture and band alignment is essential for boosting photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting performance. Herein, a trilayer CdS/TiO 2 /Bi 2 WO 6 guest-host photoanode is designed and fabricated, in which highly-porous Bi 2 WO 6 nanoflake array serves as the host skeleton, while CdS nanoparticles function as superb visible light absorber. An ultrathin TiO 2 interlayer is rationally inserted between Bi 2 WO 6 and CdS, which not only assists the uniform growth of CdS, but also serves as a band-matching semiconductor to promote the charge transport. By optimizing the thickness of TiO 2 layer, the resulting trilayer photoanode exhibits higher PEC performance (2.62/4.91 mA cm À 2 at 1.23 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode without/with the presence of hole scavenger) under AM 1.5G illumination compared with pristine CdS film. The enhancement of PEC performance is attributed to the enlarged surface area and superior light harvesting ability of the 3D nanoflake nanostructure, and improved charge transport efficiency resulting from the cascaded energy level structure.[a] C.

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Strongly Coupled Nafion Molecules and Ordered Porous CdS Networks for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Cited by 101 publications

References 53 publications

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Laminated Hybrid Junction of Sulfur‐Doped TiO₂ and a Carbon Substrate Derived from Ti₃C₂ MXenes: Toward Highly Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Structure and Band Alignment Engineering of CdS/TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆ Trilayer Nanoflake Array for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

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Strongly Coupled Nafion Molecules and Ordered Porous CdS Networks for Enhanced Visible‐Light Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution

Cited by 101 publications

References 53 publications

g‐C3N4‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

g‐C3N4‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Laminated Hybrid Junction of Sulfur‐Doped TiO2 and a Carbon Substrate Derived from Ti3C2 MXenes: Toward Highly Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Structure and Band Alignment Engineering of CdS/TiO2/Bi2WO6 Trilayer Nanoflake Array for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Contact Info

Product

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g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

g‐C₃N₄‐Based Heterostructured Photocatalysts

Laminated Hybrid Junction of Sulfur‐Doped TiO₂ and a Carbon Substrate Derived from Ti₃C₂ MXenes: Toward Highly Visible Light‐Driven Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Structure and Band Alignment Engineering of CdS/TiO₂/Bi₂WO₆ Trilayer Nanoflake Array for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting