Strontium distribution and interactions with bone mineral in monkey iliac bone after strontium salt (S 12911) administration

Abstract

The analysis of the interaction of strontium (Sr) with bone mineral is of interest because a new agent containing Sr (S 12911) has shown positive effects on bone mass in various animal models of osteoporosis and is currently being developed for preventive and curative treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Iliac bone samples were obtained from 20 male monkeys: 4 untreated control animals, 12 animals sacrificed at the end of a 13-week treatment with high dose levels of S 12911 (750, 275, or 100 mg/kg/day orally), and 4 animals sacrificed 6 weeks after the end of a 13-week treatment with S 12911 (750 or 100 mg/kg/day orally). The distribution of Sr was determined and quantified by X-ray microanalysis. Changes at the crystal level were evaluated by X-ray diffraction and Raman microspectrometry. In the control animals, traces of Sr were found to be homogeneously distributed throughout the bone tissue. In the treated monkeys, Sr could only be detected in calcified matrix. In monkeys sacrificed at the end of the treatment, Sr was found to be dose-dependently incorporated into the mineral substance of the compact and cancellous bone. Sr was heterogeneously distributed with three to four times more Sr in new than in old compact bone, and approximately two and a half times more Sr in new than in old cancellous bone. The bone Sr content dramatically decreased in the animals sacrificed 6 weeks after the end of the treatment. Diffraction showed no significant changes in the characteristics of the crystal lattice. Sr appeared to be easily exchangeable from bone mineral and was slightly linked to mature crystals through ionic substitutions. Even at the highest dose level tested, less than 1 calcium ion out of 10 was substituted by 1 Sr ion in each crystal. In conclusion, taken up by bone, Sr was heterogeneously distributed with a higher concentration in new than in old bone but induced no major modifications of the bone mineral (crystallinity, crystal structure) at the crystal level. As a result, a treatment with S 12911 Sr salt should not induce any alteration of bone mineral.

Effect of an experimental adhesive resin containing multi-ion releasing fillers on direct pulp-capping

“…We also observed slight release of Sr ions from the experimental adhesive used in group 2. It has been confirmed that Sr ions are effective in inducing calcification during bone formation [33][34][35][36] . In addition, Ammann reported that Sr ions also promoted differentiation from pre-osteoblasts into osteoblasts and controlled the action of osteoclasts, thus promoting bone formation 37) .…”

“…Si and F ions, in particular, are known as strong inducers of remineralization of the dentin matrix [29][30][31][32] . It is also well known that B and Sr have osteogenic potential [33][34][35][36][37][38] . Sr promotes differentiation of pre-osteoblasts into osteoblasts [33][34][35][36][37] , and it inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity 37) .…”

“…It is also well known that B and Sr have osteogenic potential [33][34][35][36][37][38] . Sr promotes differentiation of pre-osteoblasts into osteoblasts [33][34][35][36][37] , and it inhibits osteoclast differentiation and activity 37) . B is a trace element found in the human body that plays an important role in many life processes, including bone growth and maintenance 38) .…”

Passports from the past: Investigating human dispersals using strontium isotope analysis of tooth enamel

“…In laboratory studies, the amount of strontium incorporated into the skeleton of animals is believed to directly reflect the amount available from the diet and environment, i.e. it is dose-dependent (Boivin et al 1996, Dahl et al 2001, Pan et al 2009, Price et al 1986), as there are no known homeostatic mechanisms that specifically regulate levels of such non-nutrients (Parker and Toots 1980).…”

Evidence for long-term averaging of strontium in bovine enamel using TIMS and LA-MC-ICP-MS strontium isotope intra-molar profiles

“…Either scenario will attenuate the input signal obtained from bovine enamel and in migratory cattle will result in strontium isotope ratios that are a mixture of two or more end-members rather than discrete ratios characteristic of a 19 single lithology. How long before a change in residence becomes evident within the enamel will depend on various biological factors but because strontium is not an essential element and the amount deposited in skeletal tissue reflects how much is ingested, the averaging process will also be sensitive to the relative concentrations of strontium and calcium in the diet (Knight et al 1967;Boivin et al 1996;Meiggs 2007). If the strontium concentrations of the enamel are very similar, as found in the tooth in this study, it appears that the tissue may take a year to fully reflect a change from one locality to another.…”