Structural analysis of monocyte activation constituents in cultured mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis

Effects of two basidiomycete species on interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 production by macrophage and T cell lines

“…Basidiomycetes may in fact activate macrophages into producing IL-1, which in turn promote T cells to produce IL-2. Although the effects of basidiomycetes on IL-1 or IL-2 induction seem to be derived from their main component of 1,3-b-glucan (Akaki et al, 2009;Mohammad-Fata et al, 2007;Ohno et al, 2001), it was not clear if other components in basidiomycetes might have participated in the cytokine production of R309 or 1A5.…”

“…sinensis was cultured in liquid medium containing glucose, corn powder, fish protein powder, and soybean powder. The culture supernatant was centrifuged, and the precipitate was designated as cultured Cordyceps sinensis powder (The State Food and Drug Administration approval code: H37023596, Shandong Lukang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., China) (Akaki et al, 2009). This powder (100 g) was combined with water (900 ml), heated at 90-95 1C, and passed through an 82-mesh sieve, and the filtrate was powdered by freeze-drying.…”

Recent advances in Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharides: Mycelial fermentation, isolation, structure, and bioactivities: A review

“…Polysaccharides with different monosaccharide constituents and chemical structures have been isolated from wild or cultured C. sinensis. Many research groups have elucidated the chemical structures of purified IPSs and EPSs using infrared spectroscopy, liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (one and two dimensions), solid-state NMR, gas chromatography (GC), GC-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, periodate-oxidation, and Smith degradation (Akaki et al, 2009;Kiho, Hui, Yamane, & Ukai, 1993;Kiho et al, 1996;Kiho et al, 1999;Wang, Yin, Chen, & Wang, 2009;Wang, Peng et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2007;Yan et al, 2010;Yan et al, 2011;. A wide range of bioactive polysaccharides of different structural characteristics from C. sinensis have been investigated based on differences in source materials, isolation protocols, and fractionation protocols.…”

“…Although many different IPSs and EPSs have been obtained, the monosaccharide composition is usually glucose (Glu), mannose (Man), and galactose (Gal) in various mole ratios (Cha et al, 2007;Gong et al, 1990;Kiho et al, 1999;Li et al, 2003;Miyazaki, Oikawa, & Yamada, 1977;Yan et al, 2010). However, the IPSs are also found to only contain D-Glu to be composed of different polyglucans (Akaki et al, 2009;Yan et al, 2011), but so far, only one study has been reported that EPS isolated from culture broth of C. sinensis was a b-glucan (Yamada et al, 1984). In addition, IPSs and EPSs may also contain uronic acid, proteins and inorganic elements (Kiho et al, 1986;Wang, Peng et al, 2011).…”

Structural characterisation and immunomodulatory property of an acidic polysaccharide from mycelial culture of Cordyceps sinensis fungus Cs-HK1

“…The fungal mycelia cultured in liquid media can often produce exopolysaccharides (EPS), the extracellular PS secreted into the liquid medium. Previous studies have demonstrated the immnomodulatory properties of both, intracellular PS fractions isolated from the fungal mycelia (Akaki et al, 2009), and EPS from the mycelial culture medium (Kuo, Chang, Cheng, & Wu, 2007). Most of the PS isolated from Cordyceps fungi, reported so far, are neutral PS with different glycosidic linkages (Wu, Sun, & Pan, 2006;Yan, Li, Wang, Leung, & Wu, 2010;Yu et al, 2007), and some are PS-protein or PS-peptide complexes (PSP) (Oh, Cho, Nam, Choi, & Yun, 2007).…”