Structural analysis of xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of plants in the subclass Asteridae

Hoffman, M.J.; Jia, Zhonghua; Peña, María J.; Cash, Michael T.; Harper, April D.; Blackburn, Alan R.; Darvill, Alan G.; York, William S.

doi:10.1016/j.carres.2005.04.016

Cited by 203 publications

(200 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, the presence of highly substituted xylan epitope recognized by antibody LM11 in hornworts but not other bryophytes supports molecular studies that indicate a sister relationship between the hornworts and tracheophytes (Carafa et al, 2005). Also, detailed biochemical studies of XyGs have revealed intriguing variations in the side chain structural motifs between taxa (Hoffman et al, 2005;Peñ a et al, 2008;Hsieh and Harris, 2009). For example, most vascular plants and hornworts produce a structurally homologous XXXG-type XyG with conserved branching patterns and fucosylated subunits.…”

Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 60%

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

2010

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Section: Correlations Between Cell Wall Structures and Plant Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 60%

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

2010

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“…This high relative amount of branched glucose and the presence of T-Fucp, T-Galp, T-Xylp, (1 → 2)-Galp, and (1 → 2)-Xylp residues allows to infer the presence of xyloglucans (Fry, 1988;Hayashi & Kaida, 2011;Hoffman et al, 2005).…”

Section: Glycosidic Linkage Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro macrophage nitric oxide production by Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk. inflorescence polysaccharides

Martins

Simões

Ferreira

et al. 2017

Carbohydrate Polymers

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a b s t r a c tPterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk. decoctions of dried inflorescences are used in Portugal due to their claimed beneficial properties for various health disorders. To disclose the potential contribution of its polysaccharides to health benefits, in this work, hot water extracts from P. tridentatum inflorescences were prepared and fractionated by ethanol precipitation and anion exchange chromatography. The fraction rich in acetylated galactomannans evidenced an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production by macrophages. This activity decreased 60-75% after saponification, confirming that acetylation is an important structural feature for this biological property. In addition, the treatment of pectic polysaccharides with endopolygalacturonase showed that type-I and type-II arabinogalactans, as well as low molecular weight galacturonans and xyloglucans, may also contribute to macrophage NO production. Thus, the polysaccharides present in P. tridentatum dried inflorescences may contribute to the health beneficial properties frequently attributed to the decoctions of this plant.

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“…In contrast, the commelinoid monocots, grasses in particular, contain comparatively low levels of XG (1%-5% in the primary wall), which is substituted by glucuronoarabinoxylans and mixed linkage glucans (Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993;Carpita and McCann, 2000;Vogel, 2008;Hsieh and Harris, 2009). The broad distribution of XGs in the plant kingdom (Carpita and McCann, 2000) has spurred a large body of research on the taxonomy of XG fine structures (Hoffman et al, 2005;Hsieh and Harris, 2009) and the nature of the cellulose-XG interaction (Zhou et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2011, and refs. therein).…”

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confidence: 99%

Group III-AXTHGenes of Arabidopsis Encode Predominant Xyloglucan Endohydrolases That Are Dispensable for Normal Growth

et al. 2012

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The molecular basis of primary wall extension endures as one of the central enigmas in plant cell morphogenesis. Classical cell wall models suggest that xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase activity is the primary catalyst (together with expansins) of controlled cell wall loosening through the transient cleavage and religation of xyloglucan-cellulose cross links. The genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains 33 phylogenetically diverse XYLOGLUCAN ENDO-TRANSGLYCOSYLASE/ HYDROLASE (XTH) gene products, two of which were predicted to be predominant xyloglucan endohydrolases due to clustering into group III-A. Enzyme kinetic analysis of recombinant AtXTH31 confirmed this prediction and indicated that this enzyme had similar catalytic properties to the nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) xyloglucanase1 responsible for storage xyloglucan hydrolysis during germination. Global analysis of Genevestigator data indicated that AtXTH31 and the paralogous AtXTH32 were abundantly expressed in expanding tissues. Microscopy analysis, utilizing the resorufin b-glycoside of the xyloglucan oligosaccharide XXXG as an in situ probe, indicated significant xyloglucan endohydrolase activity in specific regions of both roots and hypocotyls, in good correlation with transcriptomic data. Moreover, this hydrolytic activity was essentially completely eliminated in AtXTH31/AtXTH32 double knockout lines. However, single and double knockout lines, as well as individual overexpressing lines, of AtXTH31 and AtXTH32 did not demonstrate significant growth or developmental phenotypes. These results suggest that although xyloglucan polysaccharide hydrolysis occurs in parallel with primary wall expansion, morphological effects are subtle or may be compensated by other mechanisms. We hypothesize that there is likely to be an interplay between these xyloglucan endohydrolases and recently discovered apoplastic exo-glycosidases in the hydrolytic modification of matrix xyloglucans.

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Structural analysis of xyloglucans in the primary cell walls of plants in the subclass Asteridae

Cited by 203 publications

References 39 publications

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

How Have Plant Cell Walls Evolved?

In vitro macrophage nitric oxide production by Pterospartum tridentatum (L.) Willk. inflorescence polysaccharides

Group III-AXTHGenes of Arabidopsis Encode Predominant Xyloglucan Endohydrolases That Are Dispensable for Normal Growth

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