Structural and chemical changes of thermally treated bone apatite

Research potential and limitations of trace analyses of cremated remains

“…This is related to denaturation and loss of collagen, which is also shown by loss of the major part of collagen between 100 and 200 8C (wt.%, Table 2) and the destroyed collagen composition (indicated by the C/N-molar-values below 2.9) by samples heated above 200 8C (cf. also [21] and [50]). …”

Characterization of Bone and Bone-Based Graft Materials Using FTIR Spectroscopy

“…Natural hydroxyapatite obtained in this way has the advantage of inheriting the chemical composition and structure of the raw material (Catanese et al, 1990;Etok et al, 2007;Murugan et al, 2003), being therefore an alternative solution for numerous applications based on its analogous synthetic products. As compared to allogeneic bone, hydroxyapatite derived from xenogeneic bone (usually of bovine origin) is considered a good option because it is easier to obtain at lower cost and is available in unlimited supply.…”

“…The problem that arises with heat treatment at elevated temperatures is that the biogenic composition and structure of bone mineral can change and this may affect the efficacy of this material (Etok et al, 2007;Hillera et al, 2003;Ooi et al, 2007). Although there is some controversy regarding the onset of chemical and structural changes as a consequence of heat treatment, it has been reported that changes in the mineral phase of bone are not significant until degradation and combustion of most of the more labile organic components occurs (around 500 ºC) (Etok et al, 2007;Mkukuma et al, 2004;Murugan et al, 2006;Ooi et al, 2007).…”

“…Although there is some controversy regarding the onset of chemical and structural changes as a consequence of heat treatment, it has been reported that changes in the mineral phase of bone are not significant until degradation and combustion of most of the more labile organic components occurs (around 500 ºC) (Etok et al, 2007;Mkukuma et al, 2004;Murugan et al, 2006;Ooi et al, 2007). Regarding sample mineralogy, it is generally accepted that heat treatment promotes the crystallinity of bone derived hydroxyapatite and increases the crystallite size (Etok et al, 2007;Hillera et al, 2003;Ooi et al, 2007).…”

A structural approach in the study of bones: fossil and burnt bones at nanosize scale

“…Microscopically, the mineral phase, which accounts for 60-70 weight % [12] can be referred to as an impure, non-stoichiometric and poorly crystalline form of hydroxylapatite (HA), with a basic nanosized bioapatite structure of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 embedded in an organic matrix. This mineral phase may identify with dahllite, similar to hydroxyapatite but containing up to 7 wt % of carbonate [13][14][15][16][17]12].…”