Structural and Functional Fibers

Chang, Huibin; Luo, Jeffrey; Gulgunje, Prabhakar; Kumar, Satish

doi:10.1146/annurev-matsci-120116-114326

Cited by 67 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…Soft, mechanically deformable systems that can reversibly change their appearance (e.g., coloration, opacity, or luminescence) within the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum have attracted much research interest for applications that include smart windows,1,2 colorimetric sensors,3,4 optoelectronic displays,5,6 artificial skin,7,8 and bioinspired robotics 9,10. More recently, the emergence of analogous platforms that dynamically modulate the propagation of IR radiation (i.e., heat) has facilitated exciting proof‐of‐principle demonstrations in areas such as energy conservation,11,12 thermal management,13,14 and IR camouflage 15,16. Within this context, devices or systems that can potentially manipulate light across both the visible (400–740 nm) and IR (740 nm to 15 µm) spectral regions remain quite rare.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

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Gorodetsky

2020

Advanced Materials

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robotics. [9,10] More recently, the emergence of analogous platforms that dynamically modulate the propagation of IR radiation (i.e., heat) has facilitated exciting proof-of-principle demonstrations in areas such as energy conservation, [11,12] thermal management, [13,14] and IR camouflage. [15,16] Within this context, devices or systems that can potentially manipulate light across both the visible (400-740 nm) and IR (740 nm to 15 µm) spectral regions remain quite rare. To date, relatively few classes of these technologies have been reported, such as thermochromic phase-change materials, [17][18][19][20] electrochromic devices, [21][22][23] IR-reflecting platforms, [24,25] and reconfigurable soft machines [9] (see Table S1, Supporting Information), and they have featured drawbacks that include a limited degree of spectral modulation, impractical actuation requirements, poor stability to repeated actuation, slow response times, and/or complicated fabrication. [9,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Indeed, the engineering of devices and systems with tandem adaptive functionality across a broad spectral window (i.e., encompassing the visible, near-IR, short-wavelength IR, mid-wavelength IR, and long-wavelength IR) has proven challenging, in part because of the order of magnitude difference in the length scales associated with the propagation of visible and long-wavelength IR light. Consequently, there exists an impetus for the development of advanced multimodal camouflage platforms, which can present new scientific and technological opportunities across multiple fields.Some of the most prominent and impressive examples of soft, deformable systems that can reversibly and precisely change their appearance are found in nature-they are animals called coleoid cephalopods, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] such as the Japetella heathi pelagic octopus (Figure 1A) [28] and the Taonius borealis glass squid ( Figure 1B). [29,30] These animals are capable of stunning feats of concealment, which include changing the transparency of their bodies by means of a sophisticated skin architecture that controls the transmission, absorption, and reflection of light ( Figure 1C). [26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In its most general form, the skin consists of multiple layers containing pigmented sizechanging organs called chromatophores, [33][34][35] typically narrowband-reflecting cells called iridophores, [36][37][38] and broadbandreflecting cells called leucophores [39][40][41] (Figure 1C). Although their precise arrangement and optical functionalities tend to Soft, mechanically deformable materials and systems that can, on demand, manipulate light propagation within both the visible and infrared (IR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are desirable for applications that include sensing, optoelectronics, robotics, energy conservation, and thermal management. However, the development of such technologies remains exceptionally difficult, with relatively few examples reported to date. Herein, this challenge is addressed by engineering ceph...

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

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Gorodetsky

2020

Advanced Materials

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“…It is worth mentioning that fibers with surface and interior pores can also be obtained due to the combination of TIPS and VIPS . In addition, porous fibers were also obtained under high RH or using water, liquid nitrogen, or other materials as collectors …”

Section: Secondary Surface Morphologies Of Electrospun Nanofibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Secondary Surface Morphology of Electrospun Nanofibers: Formation Mechanisms, Characterizations, and Applications

2020

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Engineering the secondary surface morphology of fibers (fibers without smooth surface and solid interior) has been attracting significant awareness in various areas and applications. Among different methods of forming nanofibers, electrospinning is the most widely adopted technique due to the ease of forming fibers with a broad range of properties and its unique advantages such as the flexibility to spin into a variety of shapes and sizes as well as adjustable porosity of electrospun structures. In this review paper, more emphasis is put on the secondary surface morphology. A comprehensive overview of the basic principles about the electrospinning process, types of electrospinning, materials, formation mechanisms, characterizations, and applications of electrospun fibers with the secondary surface morphology (e. g. the porous structure, grooved structure, wrinkled structure, rough structure, cactus structure, and hollow structure) are discussed in detail. Importantly, we believe our work can serve as guidelines for the preparations, characterizations, and applications of electrospun fibers with the secondary surface morphology.

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“…In the information age, the functional fibers have been extensively studied and applied. The functional fibers refer to fibers with special functions including antistatic property, light-guide, ion exchange, thermal insulation, high elasticity, antibacterial, flame retardant, and radiation protection [29][30][31], in addition to their existing properties. The information age has changed these functional fibers from ordinary consumables to high-tech products and has also increased the fierce competition in the fiber industry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Functional Fiber and Smart Textile

et al. 2019

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The research and applications of fiber materials are directly related to the daily life of social populace and the development of relevant revolutionary manufacturing industry. However, the conventional fibers and fiber products can no longer meet the requirements of automation and intellectualization in modern society, as well as people's consumption needs in pursuit of smart, avant-grade, fashion and distinctiveness. The advanced fiber-shaped electronics with most desired designability and integration features have been explored and developed intensively during the last few years. The advanced fiber-based products such as wearable electronics and smart clothing can be employed as the second skin to enhance information exchange between humans and the external environment. In this review, the significant progress on flexible fiber-shaped multifunctional devices, including fiber-based energy harvesting devices, energy storage devices, chromatic devices, and actuators are discussed. Particularly, the fabrication procedures and application characteristics of multifunctional fiber devices such as fiber-shaped solar cells, lithium-ion batteries, actuators and electrochromic fibers are introduced in detail. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the challenges and future development of functional fiber-shaped devices.

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Structural and Functional Fibers

Cited by 67 publications

References 147 publications

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

Stretchable Cephalopod‐Inspired Multimodal Camouflage Systems

A Review on the Secondary Surface Morphology of Electrospun Nanofibers: Formation Mechanisms, Characterizations, and Applications

Advanced Functional Fiber and Smart Textile

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